水力压裂光纤监测技术研究及解释平台研发

doi:10.3969/j.issn.2096-1693.2026.02.024

石油科学通报 ›› 2026, Vol. 11 ›› Issue (3): 707-721. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2096-1693.2026.02.024

水力压裂光纤监测技术研究及解释平台研发

王海波^*(), 黄鑫, 周彤, 张鲲鹏, 李媛媛

中国石油化工股份有限公司石油勘探开发研究院，北京 102206

收稿日期:2025-12-08 修回日期:2026-04-20 出版日期:2026-06-15 发布日期:2026-06-30
通讯作者: *王海波(1968年—)，博士，教授级高工，中国石化集团高级专家,主要从事储层改造、稠油开采、中低熟页岩油改质开采等技术的研发工作。先后主持、参加国家重大专项、重点研发计划、国自然基金等项目20 余项，获省部级科技奖励9项，wanghaibo.syky@sinopec.com。
作者简介:王海波(1968年—)，博士，教授级高工，中国石化集团高级专家,主要从事储层改造、稠油开采、中低熟页岩油改质开采等技术的研发工作。先后主持、参加国家重大专项、重点研发计划、国自然基金等项目20 余项，获省部级科技奖励9项，wanghaibo.syky@sinopec.com。
基金资助:
新型油气勘探开发国家科技重大专项(2024ZD1404704-01);中国石化科技部科技攻关项目(P25117)

Optical fiber monitoring technology for hydraulic fracturing and development of an interpretation platform

WANG Haibo^*(), HUANG Xin, ZHOU Tong, ZHANG Kunpeng, LI Yuanyuan

SINOPEC Petroleum Exploration and Production Research Institute, Beijing 102206, China

Received:2025-12-08 Revised:2026-04-20 Online:2026-06-15 Published:2026-06-30
Contact: *wanghaibo.syky@sinopec.com

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

分布式光纤声波传感技术(DAS)在非常规储层水力压裂监测中展现出重要的工程应用价值。该技术能够实时感知井下声波事件，精确捕捉声信号强度与能量的动态变化，从而实现对桥塞射孔、投球坐封及压裂液流动分布等压裂作业全过程的高分辨率连续监测。在邻井监测模式下，DAS低频信号可有效获取水力裂缝延伸诱导的应变场分布及其时空演化规律，结合岩石力学本构关系与裂缝扩展模型，能够揭示裂缝起裂、扩展及复杂缝网形成的内在机理。本文系统阐述了DAS的传感物理机制、现场监测应用场景及其在压裂解释中的关键处理方法，重点介绍了基于美国HFTS-2项目公开数据研发的光纤监测解释算法，以及集成了多物理场光纤监测综合解释软件HiFiber 1.0。该平台实现了从原始信号处理到工程参数反演的标准化流程，包含本井压裂评价、邻井应变分析及产液剖面解释3大核心模块，能够定量反演各射孔簇的压裂液流量分配、裂缝几何参数及裂缝复杂度等关键指标，为压裂方案优化与改造效果评估提供了可靠的技术手段。

关键词: 分布式光纤监测, 水力压裂, 声波传感技术, 应变监测, 解释软件平台

Abstract:

Distributed Acoustic Sensing (DAS) technology demonstrates significant engineering application value in monitoring hydraulic fracturing in unconventional reservoirs. This technology enables real-time detection of downhole acoustic events and accurately captures the dynamic variations in acoustic signal intensity and energy, thereby achieving high-resolution, continuous tracking of the entire fracturing process, including plug-and-perf operations, ball-seat activities, and fracturing fluid flow distribution. In offset well monitoring mode, low-frequency DAS signals effectively acquire the strain field distribution induced by hydraulic fracture propagation and its spatiotemporal evolution. Combined with rock mechanics constitutive relationships and fracture propagation models, this approach reveals the intrinsic mechanisms of fracture initiation, propagation, and complex fracture network formation. This paper systematically elaborates on the physical sensing mechanism of DAS, field monitoring applications, and key processing methods for fracturing interpretation. It highlights the fiber-optic monitoring interpretation algorithms developed based on publicly available data from the U.S. HFTS-2 project, as well as the integrated multi-physics fiber-optic monitoring interpretation software platform HiFiber 1.0. This platform establishes a standardized workflow from raw signal processing to engineering parameter inversion, encompassing three core modules: in-well fracturing evaluation, offset-well strain analysis, and production/injection profile interpretation. It enables quantitative inversion of key indicators, including fracturing fluid distribution among perforation clusters, fracture geometric parameters, and fracture complexity, providing a reliable technical means for fracturing design optimization and stimulation effectiveness evaluation.

Key words: distributed optical fiber monitoring, hydraulic fracturing, acoustic sensing technology, strain monitoring, interpretation software platform

中图分类号:

王海波, 黄鑫, 周彤, 张鲲鹏, 李媛媛. 水力压裂光纤监测技术研究及解释平台研发[J]. 石油科学通报, 2026, 11(3): 707-721.

WANG Haibo, HUANG Xin, ZHOU Tong, ZHANG Kunpeng, LI Yuanyuan. Optical fiber monitoring technology for hydraulic fracturing and development of an interpretation platform[J]. Petroleum Science Bulletin, 2026, 11(3): 707-721.

https://sykxtb.cup.edu.cn/CN/Y2026/V11/I3/707

图/表 16

图1 DAS记录的桥塞坐封及射孔事件^[18]

Fig. 1 Bridge plug setting and perforation events recorded by DAS^[18]

图2 DAS监测多级压裂暂堵转向过程^[21]

Fig. 2 The temporary blocking and diversion process of multistage fracturing monitored by DAS^[21]

图3 (a)DAS监测瀑布图数据；(b)各簇流量分布与支撑剂分布对比^[28]

Fig. 3 (a) DAS monitoring waterfall diagram data; (b) comparison of cluster traffic distribution and proppant distribution^[28]

图4 同井DAS/DTS联合监测数据和压裂施工曲线^[30]

Fig. 4 Joint monitoring data and fracturing construction curve of DAS/DTS^[30]

图5 DAS/DTS联合监测解释的水力压裂各段簇的支撑剂与压裂液分布^[30]

Fig. 5 Distribution of proppant and fracturing fluid in each stage cluster of hydraulic fracturing explained by joint DAS/DTS monitoring^[30]

图6 水力压裂期间低频邻井监测的低频DAS数据^[31]

Fig. 6 Low-frequency DAS data monitored in adjacent wells during hydraulic fracturing^[31]

图7 邻井DAS监测到的应变数据以及检波器阵列监测到的微地震事件^[33]

Fig. 7 Strain data monitored by adjacent well DAS and microseismic events detected by geophone array^[33]

图8 DAS低频数据显示的裂缝以及微地震事件分布^[35]

Fig. 8 Distribution of fractures and microseismic events shown by low-frequency DAS data^[35]

图9 B4H压裂监测本井时空瀑布图

Fig. 9 Spatio-temporal waterfall plot of B4H

图10 花X井第7段分布式光纤监测与流量解释分析

Fig. 10 Analysis of DAS monitoring and fluid rate inversion for Stage 7 in Well X

图11 光纤解释排量动态约束下的多簇裂缝非均匀扩展数值重构

Fig. 11 Numerical reconstruction of multi-cluster non-uniform fracture propagation under dynamic constraints of fiber-optic interpreted fluid rate

图12 B3H(B1H)第32段的应变率瀑布图与压裂曲线图

Fig. 12 Strain rate waterfall plot and fracturing curve for stage 32 of B3H (B1H)

图13 B3H(B1H)第32段的应变率瀑布图及应变率特征图

Fig. 13 Strain rate waterfall plot and strain rate characteristics for stage 32 of B3H (B1H)

图14 多裂缝正演模型(a)与光纤应变率仿真瀑布图(b)

Fig. 14 Multi-fracture forward model(A) and optical fiber strain rate waterfall plot (b)

图15 中石化河南油田XX井光纤应变反演解释

Fig. 15 Inversion interpretation of optical fiber strain for Well XX, Sinopec

图16 HiFiber软件模块及界面展示

Fig. 16 HiFiber Software Modules and Interface Display

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