光纤原位地应力测量方法研究

doi:10.3969/j.issn.2096-1693.2026.03.14

石油科学通报 ›› 2026, Vol. 11 ›› Issue (3): 722-733. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2096-1693.2026.03.14

光纤原位地应力测量方法研究

张鲲鹏¹(), 黄鑫¹, 黄志文¹, 王溯², 王海波¹, 陈勉³^,⁴^,^*()

¹ 中国石化石油勘探开发研究院，北京 102206
² 中国石油工程技术研究院，北京 102206
³ 中国石油大学(北京)石油工程学院，北京 102249
⁴ 中国石油大学(北京)油气资源与工程全国重点实验室，北京 102249

收稿日期:2025-12-08 修回日期:2025-12-24 出版日期:2026-06-15 发布日期:2026-06-30
通讯作者: *陈勉(1962年—)，博士，教授，博士生导师，主要从事石油工程岩石力学研究，chenm@cup.edu.cn。
作者简介:张鲲鹏(1995年—)，博士，副主任师，主要从事光纤监测在石油工程领域应用研究，zkp.syky@sinopec.com。
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金面上项目“纹层型页岩油组合流体压裂人工缝网形成机制与动态调控”(52374066);新型油气勘探开发国家科技重大专项“新一代复杂储层改造关键技术与装备”课题4任务1：压裂全周期分布式光纤多物理场响应机制研究(2024ZD1404704-01)

In-situ stress measurement via fiber optics

ZHANG Kunpeng¹(), HUANG Xin¹, HUANG Zhiwen¹, WANG Su², WANG Haibo¹, CHEN Mian³^,⁴^,^*()

¹ SINOPEC Petroleum E&P Research Institute, Beijing 102206, China
² Research Institute of Drilling Technology, CNPC Engineering Technology R&D Company Limited, Beijing 102206, China
³ College of Petroleum Engineering, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China
⁴ State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Engineering, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China

Received:2025-12-08 Revised:2025-12-24 Online:2026-06-15 Published:2026-06-30
Contact: *chenm@cup.edu.cn

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

地应力是描述地下岩体受力状态的重要参数，在石油工程中，准确的地应力测量对井壁稳定性、压裂设计以及裂缝扩展控制等方面具有关键作用。随着地质条件的复杂化，传统的地应力测量方法在分辨率、精度和监测连续性等方面面临诸多挑战。光纤传感技术的出现为地应力的连续、动态和高精度测量提供了新的解决方案。本文提出了一种以反向差应变法为核心，基于光纤应变感测技术的原位地应力测量方法，旨在复杂井下环境中实现原位地应力测量。该方法通过内压加载引发井周岩体微裂缝从闭合到张开的反向演化，利用岩体力学特性反演地应力分布。通过室内物理模拟实验，建立了光纤原位地应力测量的理论方法和测量流程。实验结果表明，光纤应变测量技术能够有效捕捉岩体的各向异性与非均质性特征，并基于反向差应变理论，反演地应力比值。与传统Kaiser声发射法对比，光纤应变测量法的误差范围为8%至24%，平均误差为16%。该方法虽仍处于初步阶段，但为油气领域的地应力原位测量提供了一种新的技术路径，并为后续研究提供了理论基础和方法支持。

关键词: 地应力, 光纤监测, 差应变法, 水力压裂, 井壁稳定

Abstract:

Accurate in-situ stress determination is vital for evaluating the mechanical state of subsurface rock and supports key petroleum engineering operations such as wellbore stability, hydraulic fracturing design, and fracture propagation control. Increasingly complex geological settings expose the limitations of conventional measurement methods in resolution, accuracy, and continuity. Fiber-optic sensing provides a means for continuous and high-precision monitoring under such conditions. This work presents an in-situ stress measurement method that combines fiber-optic strain sensing with a reverse differential strain mechanism. By applying internal pressure to drive microfractures around the borehole from closure to reopening, the method infers in-situ stress from the mechanical response of t he rock. Laboratory physical simulation experiments were conducted to establish the theoretical framework and measurement workflow. Results show that fiber-optic strain data effectively capture rock anisotropy and heterogeneity, enabling estimation of in-situ stress ratios through the reverse differential strain model. Compared with the Kaiser acoustic emission method, the approach yields an 8%~24% error range, averaging 16%. Although still in its early phase, the method offers a promising technical pathway for in-situ stress determination in oil and gas engineering and provides a foundation for future refinement and application.

Key words: in-situ stress, fiber optic monitoring, differential strain analysis, hydraulic fracturing, wellbore stability

中图分类号:

TE33
TE357

张鲲鹏, 黄鑫, 黄志文, 王溯, 王海波, 陈勉. 光纤原位地应力测量方法研究[J]. 石油科学通报, 2026, 11(3): 722-733.

ZHANG Kunpeng, HUANG Xin, HUANG Zhiwen, WANG Su, WANG Haibo, CHEN Mian. In-situ stress measurement via fiber optics[J]. Petroleum Science Bulletin, 2026, 11(3): 722-733.

https://sykxtb.cup.edu.cn/CN/Y2026/V11/I3/722

图/表 10

图1 地应力在石油工程领域中的重要性

Fig. 1 Importance of in-situ stress in petroleum engineering

表1 光纤应变传感技术参数表

Table 1 Fiber-optic strain sensing capability ranges

性能参数		探测距离/km	空间分辨率/mm	应变精度/με	采样频率/Hz
Bragg光栅^[26-32]	实验室	75	1	±0.1	1.7×10⁶
Bragg光栅^[26-32]	工程	40	20	±1	20000
Brillouin散射^[33-38]	实验室	527.8	5	±1	6.3×10⁶
Brillouin散射^[33-38]	工程	200	50	±2	1
Rayleigh散射^[39-44]	实验室	22	0.4	±0.91	600
Rayleigh散射^[39-44]	工程	10	200	±5	0.1

图2 光纤地应力感测管柱

Fig. 2 Fiber-optic in-situ stress sensing string

图3 光纤地应力测量原理示意图

Fig. 3 Fiber-optic in-situ stress measurement principle

图4 岩体试样与实验过程

Fig. 4 Rock specimen and experimental procedure

图5 感测管柱与OFDR应答机

Fig. 5 Sensing string and OFDR interrogator

图6 应变瀑布图与注入压力曲线

Fig. 6 Strain waterfall plot and injection pressure curve

图7 Kaiser声发射测量结果

Fig. 7 Kaiser acoustic emission measurement results

图8 光纤原位地应力测量结果与误差

Fig. 8 Fiber-optic in-situ stress measurement results and error

图9 地应力方向测量结果

Fig. 9 In-situ stress orientation measurement results

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