金属有机框架(MOFs)在石油科学与工程中的应用前景与挑战

doi:10.3969/j.issn.2096-1693.2026.01.036

石油科学通报 ›› 2026, Vol. 11 ›› Issue (4): 1331-1352. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2096-1693.2026.01.036

金属有机框架(MOFs)在石油科学与工程中的应用前景与挑战

廖广志¹^,²^,^*(), 周龙¹^,²^,^*(), 秦志军³, 李杨虎³, 周军⁴, 胡松⁵, 罗嗣慧¹, 肖立志¹^,²

¹ 中国石油大学(北京)油气资源与工程全国重点实验室，北京 102249
² 中国石油大学(北京)地球物理学院，北京 102249
³ 中国石油新疆油田分公司勘探开发研究院，克拉玛依 834000
⁴ 中国石油集团测井有限公司，西安 710077
⁵ 中国石化石油勘探开发研究院，北京 100083

收稿日期:2025-12-18 修回日期:2026-06-30 出版日期:2026-08-15 发布日期:2026-08-31
通讯作者: ^*廖广志(1981年—)，教授，博导，主要从事岩石物理、核磁共振和测井储层评价等方面的研究工作，liaoguangzhi@cup.edu.cn。
周龙(1999年—)，博士研究生，主要从事多孔介质核磁共振理论与方法等方面的研究工作，zhoulong_0620@163.com。
作者简介:廖广志(1981年—)，教授，博导，主要从事岩石物理、核磁共振和测井储层评价等方面的研究工作，liaoguangzhi@cup.edu.cn。
基金资助:
国家科技重大专项(2025ZD1400304);国家自然科学基金(U24B6001);国家自然科学基金(42474165)

Application prospects and challenges of metal-organic frameworks in petroleum science and engineering

LIAO Guangzhi¹^,²^,^*(), ZHOU Long¹^,²^,^*(), QIN Zhijun³, LI Yanghu³, ZHOU Jun⁴, HU Song⁵, LUO Sihui¹, XIAO Lizhi¹^,²

¹ State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Engineering, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China
² College of Geophysics, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China
³ Research Institute of Exploration and Development, Xinjiang Oilfield Company of PetroChina, Karamay 834000, China
⁴ China National Logging Corporation, Xi’an 710077, China
⁵ Petroleum Exploration and Production Research Institute, SINOPEC, Beijing 100083, China

Received:2025-12-18 Revised:2026-06-30 Online:2026-08-15 Published:2026-08-31

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

金属有机框架(MOFs)是一类由金属离子/簇与有机配体自组装形成的结晶多孔材料，具有高比表面积、可调孔径、规则孔道和可设计表面化学等特征，在气体储存与分离、异相催化、能源转化及环境治理等领域已得到广泛研究。随着深层油气勘探开发、非常规储层高效动用、炼化过程低碳化以及CO₂地质封存需求的增加，石油科学与工程领域亟需能够在纳米孔隙尺度上调控流体赋存、界面作用、分子识别和多相传质过程的新型材料与模型体系。MOFs的结构和表面性质具有高度可设计性，可为复杂油气体系中的界面调控、多相流度控制、选择性吸附分离以及多孔介质模型构建提供新的研究思路。本文系统梳理了MOFs的结构特征、合成方法及典型功能，在此基础上从共性科学问题出发，重点综述其在界面调控与多相流度控制、分子识别与复杂组分选择性脱除、限域孔道分离与界面选择性、结构可控多孔介质模型与CO₂地质封存等方面的研究进展。进一步分析了MOFs在苛刻储层与炼化环境中的稳定性、规模化制备、岩石/流体界面兼容性以及结构—性能—过程关联认知不足等关键挑战。本文旨在为MOFs从材料功能验证走向石油科学与工程中的机理研究和应用探索提供参考，并推动多孔材料、化学工程、岩石物理与低碳能源技术之间的交叉融合。

关键词: 金属有机框架(MOFs), 多孔介质, 油气开采, 石油炼制, 岩石物理, 石油化工, 二氧化碳封存

Abstract:

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are a class of crystalline porous materials self-assembled from metal ions/clusters and organic linkers. They feature high specific surface areas, tunable pore sizes, ordered pore channels, and designable surface chemistries, and have been widely investigated in gas storage and separation, heterogeneous catalysis, energy conversion, and environmental remediation. With the increasing demand for deep oil and gas exploration, efficient exploitation of unconventional reservoirs, low-carbon petroleum refining and petrochemical processes, and CO₂ geological storage, petroleum science and engineering requires new materials and model systems capable of regulating fluid occurrence, interfacial interactions, molecular recognition, and multiphase mass transfer at the nanopore scale. Owing to their highly designable structures and surface properties, MOFs offer new opportunities for interfacial regulation, multiphase mobility control, selective adsorption and separation, and the construction of controllable porous-medium models in complex petroleum systems. This review summarizes the structural characteristics, synthesis strategies, and representative functions of MOFs. Instead of following a purely application-sector-based classification, it focuses on common scientific problems in petroleum science and engineering, including interfacial regulation and multiphase mobility control, molecular recognition and selective removal of complex components, confined-channel separation and interfacial selectivity, and structurally controllable porous-medium models for petrophysics and CO₂ geological storage. The key challenges are further discussed, including the stability of MOFs under harsh reservoir and refining conditions, scalable synthesis and shaping, compatibility at rock/fluid interfaces, and the insufficient understanding of structure-property-process relationships. This review aims to provide a reference for translating MOFs from functional material validation to mechanistic studies and application-oriented exploration in petroleum science and engineering, while promoting interdisciplinary integration among porous materials, chemical engineering, petrophysics, and low-carbon energy technologies.

Key words: metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), porous media, oil and gas exploitation, petroleum refining, petrophysics, petrochemical, carbon dioxide sequestration

廖广志, 周龙, 秦志军, 李杨虎, 周军, 胡松, 罗嗣慧, 肖立志. 金属有机框架(MOFs)在石油科学与工程中的应用前景与挑战[J]. 石油科学通报, 2026, 11(4): 1331-1352.

LIAO Guangzhi, ZHOU Long, QIN Zhijun, LI Yanghu, ZHOU Jun, HU Song, LUO Sihui, XIAO Lizhi. Application prospects and challenges of metal-organic frameworks in petroleum science and engineering[J]. Petroleum Science Bulletin, 2026, 11(4): 1331-1352.

https://sykxtb.cup.edu.cn/CN/Y2026/V11/I4/1331

图/表 19

图1 (a)通过金属离子或簇与有机连接体进行MOF自组装的结构模型^[15]; (b)各种金属中心和配体类型^[16]

Fig. 1 (a)Structural model of MOF self-assembly through metal ions or clusters and organic linker^[15]; (b) Various metal centers and ligand types^[16]

表1 用于制备MOFs的若干不同方法及其优势

Table 1 Some of the different methods used for the fabrication of MOFs and their advantages

方法类型	过程	优势
缓慢扩散法	通过金属盐溶液与有机配体溶液在溶剂中缓慢扩散，使反应逐渐发生以形成晶体	1)可获得尺寸较大、结晶度高的MOF晶体 2)有利于精确控制晶体生长速率与形貌
水热法	金属盐与有机配体在高温高压条件下以水为溶剂的反应	1)因采用水作为溶剂而更具成本效益 2)适用于在水环境中稳定的MOFs
溶剂热法	在密封高压釜或反应器中，利用高温高压条件进行金属盐与有机配体的反应	1)控制产品的晶体尺寸、形态及纯度 2)在孔隙中引入客体分子
机械化学法	利用研磨或碾磨等机械力，在固态下使前驱体发生反应	1)无溶剂工艺 2)可扩展性、能源效率及环保性 3)大规模MOFs的生产 4)新型MOFs的生产
微波法	利用微波辐射实现快速加热与高效混合	1)简便高效的工艺流程 2)促进反应动力学 3)缩短反应时间 4)快速均匀加热反应混合物 5)缩短反应时间并提高产率 6)缩小金属有机框架尺寸并提升比表面积
电化学法	采用电化学方法在电极表面制备MOFs	1)对MOFs的生长过程进行精确调控 2)直接控制电流密度、沉积时间及起始溶液成分等参数 3)调控制备的MOFs的表面积、孔径及功能性等特性 4)提高表面功能化的成功概率
声化学法	利用超声波能量促进反应物的混合与扩散	1)加速反应速率 2)优化产物形成 3)具有均匀尺寸、优良形态、增强结晶度和孔隙率的MOFs

图2 不同研究团队合成的各类MOFs纳米多孔结构示意图^[30-32]

Fig. 2 Illustration of nanoporous structures of different MOFs synthesized by different research groups^[30-32]

图3 (a)制备和涂覆聚合物-MOF网络以形成c-UiO-66-MA@P TFN膜的工艺及合成路线示意图^[35]以及(b)通过原位合成增强MOF-5/石墨杂化材料中的氢储存与释放^[36]

Fig. 3 (a)Schematic illustrations of the protocol and synthesis route of the preparing and coating polymer-MOF networks to form c-UiO-66-MA@P TFN membranes^[35], and (b)Boosting hydrogen storage and release in MOF-5/graphite hybrids via in-situ synthesis^[36]

图4 具有高气体储存性能的一些MOFs的示意图^[39-41]

Fig. 4 Schematic representation of some MOFs which are known for high gas storage properties^[39-41]

图5 (a)基于MOF-on-MOF异质结构的具有核壳分布式ZrO₂和Co纳米粒子的双功能催化剂^[44]以及(b)MOFs-织物复合材料作为神经递质和抗癌药物的发光传感器^[45]

Fig. 5 (a)Bifunctional catalysts with core-shell distributed ZrO₂ and Co nanoparticles derived from MOF-on-MOF heterostructures^[44], and (b)MOF-fabric composites as luminescent sensors for a neurotransmitter and an anti-cancer drug^[45]

图6 LSL-CD-MOFs的洗油过程和4种样品的洗油效率以及水、γ-CD-MOFs、LSL和LSL-CD-MOFs的洗油现象^[51]

Fig. 6 LSL-CD-MOFs oil-washing process and oil-washing efficiency of the four samples, and oil-washing phenomena of water, γ-CD-MOFs, LSL and LSL-CD-MOFs^[51]

图7 高温油藏条件下利用碳化MOFs(ZIF-67)与磺化共聚物进行化学驱油^[52]

Fig. 7 Chemical enhanced oil recovery using carbonized MOFs (ZIF-67) and sulfonated copolymers at high reservoir temperatures^[52]

图8 Fe₃O₄@PAA@MOF-199对DBT、BT和T的吸附等温线^[63]

Fig. 8 Adsorption Isotherms of Fe₃O₄@PAA@MOF-199 for DBT, BT, and T^[63]

图9 GO、Al-NDC及Al-NDC@GO-1/3/4/5复合材料在单独吸附反应系统中对PY、IND和QUI的吸附容量^[67]

Fig. 9 Adsorption capacity for PY, QUI and IND in individual adsorption reaction system over GO, Al-NDC and Al-NDC@GO-1/3/4/5 composites^[67]

图10 UTSA-280对含乙烯气体混合物的分离性能^[74]

Fig. 10 Separation performance of UTSA-280 for a gas mixture containing ethylene^[74]

图11 Fe-MOF-74的晶体结构，橙色、红色、灰色和蓝色球分别代表铁、氧、碳和氘原子以及乙炔、乙烯、乙烷、丙烯和丙烷在Fe-MOF-74中的相互作用模式^[77]

Fig. 11 Crystal structure of Fe-MOF-74, orange, red, gray, and blue spheres represent Fe, O, C, and D atoms, respectively and, interaction patterns of acetylene, ethylene, ethane, propylene, and propane within Fe-MOF-74^[77]

图12 丙烯和丙烷的吸附等温线以及丙烯/丙烷混合物的实验穿透曲线^[77]

Fig. 12 Adsorption isotherms of propylene and propane, and experimental breakthrough curves of propylene/propane mixtures^[77]

图13 对二甲苯选择性吸附等温线^[80]

Fig. 13 Selective adsorption isotherm of p-xylene^[80]

图14 ZUL-C3的结构以及实验多组分气相穿透曲线^[81]

Fig. 14 Structure of ZUL-C3 and experimental multicomponent vapor-phase breakthrough curves^[81]

图15 (a)PCP@MS对各种油和有机溶剂的吸收能力和循环吸收性能以及(b)PCP@MS通过蠕动泵进行连续吸油过程的照片^[82]

Fig. 15 (a)Absorption capacity and cycling absorption performance of PCP@MS for various oil and organic solvents, and (b)photographs illustrating the continuous absorption process of oil by PCP@MS with a peristaltic pump^[82]

图16 MXene-MOF膜在油水分离中的自清洁机制示意图^[84]

Fig. 16 Schematic illustration of the self-cleaning mechanism in MXene-MOF membranes for oil-water separation^[84]

图17 构建具有不同孔径范围的分级多孔MOFs策略^[19]

Fig. 17 Constructing strategies of hierarchically porous MOFs with different pore size ranges^[19]

图18 多孔地下储层的能量提取^[92]

Fig. 18 Energy extraction from porous subsurface reservoirs^[92]

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