普光千佛崖含多类型弱面陆相页岩水化结构损伤特征研究

doi:10.3969/j.issn.2096-1693.2025.03.012

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

川东北千佛崖组页岩水平段钻进井壁垮塌难成井问题，严重制约着普光陆相页岩油气资源的高效开发。明确普光千佛崖组陆相页岩水化结构损伤特征，是揭示其井壁失稳机理形成对应成井措施的重要前提。井下岩心观察发现，普光千佛崖组陆相页岩较长井段同步发育层间页理和有机质富集的滑动镜面。为此，分别以不含滑动镜面和含滑动镜面的千佛崖组陆相页岩为研究对象，开展了页岩基础组构特征及理化特性分析，探究了不同流体作用下(去离子水、白油、油基钻井液和水基钻井液)含多类型弱面页岩细观结构损伤特征，同时结合所构建的考虑多类型弱面的页岩井壁稳定模型，进行了井壁失稳机制分析讨论。研究结果表明：(1)普光千佛崖组陆相页岩以黏土矿物(近60%)和石英为主，黏土矿物中主要含伊利石和绿泥石；内部平行层理方向微裂缝发育，具有明显油水双亲特征，总体水化分散特征相对偏弱。(2)去离子水和水基钻井液作用下页岩水化结构损伤特征明显；白油和油基钻井液作用下，不含滑动镜面和含滑动镜面的页岩内部均未出现明显的细观结构损伤，说明现场油基钻井液具有较好的水化抑制性，同时表明含多类型弱面页岩内部并未发生明显的有机质溶解现象；在一定程度上也说明，油基钻井液与千佛崖组页岩间的物理化学作用并不是主导其井壁垮塌的主控因素。(3)忽略千佛崖组页岩内多类型弱面结构发育的特征，会很大程度低估页岩层井壁坍塌压力，导致水平段失稳垮塌风险增加。研究结果深化了对普光千佛崖组陆相页岩水化结构损伤特征及失稳机理的认识，为千佛崖组页岩水平段安全高效成井提供了技术支撑。

关键词: 井壁失稳, 陆相页岩, 普光地区, 千佛崖组, 滑动镜面, 多类型弱面, 水化损伤

Abstract:

Wellbore instability of horizontal wells in Qianfoya Formation in northeast Sichuan seriously restricts the efficient development of the continental shale oil and gas resources in Puguang Area. Analyzing hydration damage characteristics of Qianfoya continental shale is the important basis for revealing wellbore collapse mechanism and supporting wellbore stability. The underground core observation shows that a large number of organic-rich slickensides and interlayer structures are developed in Qianfoya continental shale in Puguang Area. Therefore, the continental shale samples with and without slickenside structures are selected as the research objects respectively. In this study, the characteristics of mineral composition, microstructure and chemical-physical properties of Qianfoya shale are analyzed. Furthermore, the hydration damage effects of different fluids (i.e. deionized water, white oil, oil-based drilling fluid and water-based drilling fluid) on meso-structure of Qianfoya shale with multi-type weak planes are studied based on CT technology. In addition, the analysis and discussion about wellbore instability mechanism of Qianfoya shale in Puguang are conducted based on the developed wellbore stability model considering the influence of multi-type weak-plane structures. The results show that: (1) The Qianfoya continental shale in Puguang Area is mainly composed of quartz and clay minerals (nearly 60%) which is dominated by illite and chlorite. The micro fractures parallel to the bedding plane are well developed in Qianfoya shale with the wettability of water-wet and oil-wet. And the overall hydration dispersion of shale is relatively weak. (2) The hydration damage characteristics of shales immersed in deionized water and water-based drilling fluid are obvious. On the contrary, the hydration damage effects of white oil and oil-based drilling fluid on meso-structure of shale samples with and without organic-rich slickensides are not obvious. It indicates that the oil-based drilling fluid has good performance in hydration inhibition and there is no obvious organic matter dissolution in the shale with multi-type weak planes. To a certain extent, it can be concluded that the physicochemical interaction between oil-based drilling fluid and Qianfoya shale is not the main factor leading to the wellbore collapse. (3) Ignoring the characteristics of multi-type weak-plane structures in Qianfoya shale will underestimate wellbore collapse pressure and result in an increased risk of horizontal wells instability. The research results deepen the understanding of the hydration damage characteristics and wellbore instability mechanism of Qianfoya continental shale in Puguang Area and provide theoretical support for the horizontal well construction in Qianfoya shale formation.

Key words: wellbore instability, continental shale, Puguang Area, Qianfoya Formation, slickenside, multi-type weak planes, hydration damage

中图分类号:

TE21
P618.13

薄克浩, 高书阳, 金衍, 陈军海. 普光千佛崖含多类型弱面陆相页岩水化结构损伤特征研究[J]. 石油科学通报, 2025, 10(3): 496-510.

BO Kehao, GAO Shuyang, JIN Yan, CHEN Junhai. Study on hydration damage characteristics of continental shale with multi-type weak planes in Qianfoya Formation, Puguang Area[J]. Petroleum Science Bulletin, 2025, 10(3): 496-510.

https://sykxtb.cup.edu.cn/CN/Y2025/V10/I3/496

图/表 20

图1 普陆7井千一段页岩井下岩心

Fig. 1 Qianfoya continental shale in Well PL-7

图2 页岩全岩矿物组分分布

Fig. 2 Rock mineral contents of Qianfoya shale

图3 页岩黏土矿物相对含量分布

Fig. 3 Clay mineral contents of Qianfoya shale

图4 平行层理和垂直层理自然断面电镜扫描图像(滑动镜面岩样)

Fig. 4 SEM photographs of natural surfaces parallel and perpendicular to bedding plane (shale samples with slickenside structure)

图5 平行层理和垂直层理自然断面电镜扫描图像(非滑动镜面岩样)

Fig. 5 SEM photographs of natural surfaces parallel and perpendicular to bedding plane (shale samples without slickenside structure)

图6 普光千佛崖组页岩水化线性膨胀率

Fig. 6 Linear hydration expansion of Qianfoya shale in Puguang area

表1 普光千佛崖组页岩水化分散性测试结果

Table 1 Hydration dispersion of Qianfoya shale in Puguang area

样品编号	实验条件	热滚前重量/g	热滚后重量/g	回收率/%	平均回收率/%
1^#	去离子水浸泡 95 ℃，24 h	15.15	14.26	94.13	94.53
2^#		15.21	14.17	93.16
3^#		15.19	14.63	96.31

图7 去离子水在页岩垂直层理面和平行层理面润湿性能

Fig. 7 Wettability of distilled water on shale surfaces parallel and perpendicular to bedding plane

图8 白油在页岩垂直层理面和平行层理面润湿性能

Fig. 8 Wettability of white oil on shale surfaces parallel and perpendicular to bedding plane

图9 不同流体浸泡前后不含滑动镜面页岩宏观结构

Fig. 9 Macrostructure of shale without slickenside structure before and after immersing in different fluids

图10 油基钻井液(左)和白油(右)浸泡后含滑动镜面页岩宏观结构

Fig. 10 Macrostructure of shale with slickenside structure immersed in oil-based drilling fluid and white oil

图11 去离子水浸泡前后不含滑动镜面页岩细观结构CT扫描图像

Fig. 11 CT scanning images of shale without slickenside structure before and after immersing in distilled water

图12 水基钻井液浸泡前后不含滑动镜面页岩细观结构CT扫描图像

Fig. 12 CT scanning images of shale without slickenside structure before and after immersing in water-based drilling fluid

图13 白油浸泡前后不含滑动镜面页岩细观结构CT扫描图像

Fig. 13 CT scanning images of shale without slickenside structure before and after immersing in white oil

图14 油基钻井液浸泡前后不含滑动镜面页岩细观结构CT扫描图像

Fig. 14 CT scanning images of shale without slickenside structure before and after immersing in oil-based drilling fluid

图15 白油浸泡前后含滑动镜面页岩细观结构CT扫描图像

Fig. 15 CT scanning images of shale with slickenside structure before and after immersing in white oil

图16 油基钻井液浸泡前后含滑动镜面页岩细观结构CT扫描图像

Fig. 16 CT scanning images of shale with slickenside structure before and after immersing in oil-based drilling fluid

图17 不考虑弱面结构的井壁坍塌压力当量密度分布图

Fig. 17 Wellbore collapse pressure distribution map with no consideration of weak plane

图18 考虑单类型弱面结构的井壁坍塌压力当量密度分布图

Fig. 18 Wellbore collapse pressure distribution map with consideration of single type weak plane

图19 考虑多类型弱面结构的井壁坍塌压力当量密度分布图

Fig. 19 Wellbore collapse pressure distribution map with consideration of multitype weak planes

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