中国科技核心期刊
(中国科技论文统计源期刊)
  Scopus收录期刊

石油科学通报 ›› 2026, Vol. 11 ›› Issue (4): 1388-1405. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2096-1693.2026.01.034

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页岩岩石组构对水力压裂效果及裂缝形态影响研究进展

于佳琪1,2(), 林铁锋3,4, 姚东华1,2,*(), 刘鑫3,4, 潘毅1,2   

  1. 1 东北石油大学多资源协同陆相页岩油绿色开采全国重点实验室, 大庆 163318
    2 东北石油大学地球科学学院, 大庆 163318
    3 多资源协同陆相页岩油绿色开采全国重点实验室, 大庆 163712
    4 大庆油田有限责任公司勘探开发研究院, 大庆 163712
  • 收稿日期:2026-04-10 修回日期:2026-06-22 出版日期:2026-08-15 发布日期:2026-08-31
  • 通讯作者: *姚东华(1983年—),博士、讲师,从事测井解释综合解释、人工智能算法测井应用及岩石物理实验等方面研究,yaodh@nepu.edu.cn。
  • 作者简介:于佳琪(2000年—),在读硕士研究生,从事非常规油气勘探与提高采收率研究,jvgmbhk@163.com。
  • 基金资助:
    黑龙江省自然科学基金项目“高黏土富页理页岩基于岩性组合的裂缝扩展规律研究”(TD2024E004)

Research progress on the influence of shale rock fabric on hydraulic fracturing effect and fracture morphology

YU Jiaqi1,2(), LIN Tiefeng3,4, YAO Donghua1,2,*(), LIU Xin3,4, PAN Yi1,2   

  1. 1 State Key Laboratory of Continental Shale Oil, Northeast Petroleum University, Daqing 163318, China
    2 School of Earth Science, Northeast Petroleum University, Daqing 163318, China
    3 State Key Laboratory of Continental Shale Oil, Daqing 163712, China
    4 Exploration and Development Research Institute, PetroChina Daqing Oilfield Co., Ltd., Daqing 163712, China
  • Received:2026-04-10 Revised:2026-06-22 Online:2026-08-15 Published:2026-08-31

摘要:

水力压裂是决定页岩储层能否实现有效改造与开发的关键,需要综合考虑流体力学、岩石力学、化学、地质学等多个方面。页岩岩石组构,即岩石中矿物颗粒、胶结物、有机质、孔隙、裂隙等的几何形态与空间分布特征,具有强非均质性和各向异性,其从根本上控制着水力压裂缝的起裂、扩展路径及最终缝网形态。本文系统梳理了矿物组分与分布、有机质赋存、孔隙类型与结构、层理与天然裂缝等组构特征,分析了其对裂缝高度、缝网复杂度、导流能力、起裂压力及滤失的影响,并对比了海相与陆相页岩的组构差异。分析表明,页岩组构对压裂的控制遵循多尺度组构—各向异性—压裂响应的跨尺度传递规律,物性各向异性与结构各向异性的空间匹配度是决定缝网复杂度的核心,传统脆性指数因忽略两者间的匹配关系而难以有效评价可压性。最后指出现有研究在跨尺度定量表征、陆相页岩差异化评价及全周期多场耦合等方面的不足,并提出以各向异性匹配度为核心的多参数综合判据的构建方向。

关键词: 矿物组分, 有机质, 孔隙, 层理, 天然裂缝, 各向异性, 水力压裂

Abstract:

Hydraulic fracturing is critical to the effective stimulation and commercial development of shale reservoirs, requiring comprehensive consideration of fluid mechanics, rock mechanics, chemistry, and geology. The strong heterogeneity and anisotropy of shale rock fabric, defined as the geometric morphology and spatial distribution of mineral grains, cements, organic matter, pores, and fractures, fundamentally govern the initiation, propagation paths, and ultimate fracture network geometry of hydraulic fractures. This paper systematically reviews the characteristics of mineral composition and distribution, organic matter occurrence, pore types and structures, bedding planes, and natural fractures, and analyzes their influences on fracture height, network complexity, conductivity, breakdown pressure, and fluid leak-off, while also comparing the fabric differences between marine and continental shales. The review demonstrates that the control of shale fabric on hydraulic fracturing follows a cross-scale transfer chain of “multi-scale fabric to anisotropy to fracturing response,” and that the spatial matching between physical anisotropy, dominated by minerals, organic matter, and pores, and structural anisotropy, dominated by bedding planes and natural fractures, is the core determinant of fracture network complexity. Conventional brittleness index-based evaluation methods fail to effectively assess fracability because they overlook this matching relationship. Finally, this paper identifies key research gaps in cross-scale quantitative characterization, differentiated evaluation systems for continental shale, and full-cycle multi-field coupling mechanisms, and proposes the development of a multi-parameter comprehensive fracability criterion centered on anisotropy matching degree.

Key words: mineral composition, organic matter, porosity, bedding, natural fractures, anisotropy, hydraulic fracturing