深层砂岩油藏微观孔隙结构及分形特征

doi:10.3969/j.issn.2096-1693.2026.02.019

石油科学通报 ›› 2026, Vol. 11 ›› Issue (3): 935-947. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2096-1693.2026.02.019

深层砂岩油藏微观孔隙结构及分形特征

刘奇¹(), 姚约东¹^,^*(), 王振杰², 王秀伟², 李天富¹, 周虹宇¹, 苏耀海¹

¹ 中国石油大学(北京)油气资源与工程全国重点实验室，北京 102249
² 中国石油天然气股份有限公司华北油田分公司，任丘 062552

收稿日期:2025-12-16 修回日期:2026-02-27 出版日期:2026-06-15 发布日期:2026-06-30
通讯作者: *姚约东(1972年—)，教授，博导，主要从事油气渗流理论与应用，非常规油气田开发研究，yaoyuedong@cup.edu.cn。
作者简介:刘奇(1996年—)，在读博士研究生，主要从事油气藏储层孔隙结构特征及流体渗流规律研究，2022310172@student.cup.edu.cn。
基金资助:
应用性科技重大专项“超深层油气藏开发关键技术研究与应用”(2023ZZ14YJ03);中国石油天然气股份有限公司攻关性

Microscopic pore structure and fractal characteristics of deep sandstone reservoir

LIU Qi¹(), YAO Yuedong¹^,^*(), WANG Zhenjie², WANG Xiuwei², LI Tianfu¹, ZHOU Hongyu¹, SU Yaohai¹

¹ State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Engineering, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China
² PetroChina Huabei Oilfield Company, Renqiu 062552, China

Received:2025-12-16 Revised:2026-02-27 Online:2026-06-15 Published:2026-06-30
Contact: *yaoyuedong@cup.edu.cn

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以国内某深层砂岩油藏为研究对象，通过铸体薄片、扫描电镜(SEM)、高压压汞(HPMI)和核磁共振(NMR)实验，对19块岩心样品的孔隙结构展开多尺度定量表征。基于HPMI和NMR获得的孔喉参数将储层划分为Ⅰ-Ⅳ类4种类型，储集性能和渗流能力依次降低，孔喉结构复杂性和非均质性逐渐增强。利用分形理论分别计算HPMI与NMR分形维数，系统分析了储层物性、孔喉特征与分形维数之间的关系。结果表明：研究区储层以原生粒间孔为主，整体呈中孔—低渗特征，非均质性较强。HPMI分型曲线未见分段，分形维数为2.6602~2.8428(平均2.7508)，均大于2.5，表明孔喉结构分布连续但非均质性较强连通性差，其与孔隙度、渗透率呈负相关，与排驱压力、退汞效率呈正相关；NMR分形曲线呈两段式特征，有效孔隙分形维数(0.8034~1.9995，平均1.4163)与储层物性参数无明显相关；可动孔隙分形维数(2.7232~2.9773，平均2.8644)与孔隙度、渗透率呈负相关。HPMI分形维数与NMR可动孔隙分形维数在数值范围与变化趋势上具有较好的一致性，均能有效表征储层连通孔隙体系的复杂性。研究结果可为深层砂岩储层分类评价与精细开发提供依据。

关键词: 深层油藏, 孔隙结构, 高压压汞, 核磁共振, 分形维数

Abstract:

Taking a deep sandstone reservoir in China as the study object, the pore structure of 19 core samples was quantitatively characterized at multiple scales using cast thin sections, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), high-pressure mercury intrusion (HPMI), and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Based on pore-throat parameters derived from HPMI and NMR, the reservoir was classified into four types (I-IV), with reservoir quality and seepage capacity progressively decreasing and pore-throat complexity and heterogeneity correspondingly increasing. Fractal theory was further introduced to calculate fractal dimensions from both HPMI and NMR, thereby elucidating the relationships among petrophysical properties, pore-throat characteristics, and fractal parameters. Results indicate that the reservoir is dominated by primary intergranular pores and is overall characterized by moderate porosity and low permeability with pronounced heterogeneity. The HPMI fractal curve exhibits no segmentation, with fractal dimensions ranging from 2.6602 to 2.8428 (average 2.7508), all exceeding 2.5, suggesting a continuous pore-throat size distribution but strong heterogeneity and poor connectivity. The HPMI fractal dimension is negatively correlated with porosity and permeability, while positively correlated with displacement pressure and mercury withdrawal efficiency. In contrast, the NMR fractal curve shows a two-segment pattern: The fractal dimension of effective pores ranges from 0.8034 to 1.9995 (average 1.4163) and shows no clear correlation with petrophysical properties, whereas the fractal dimension of movable pores ranges from 2.7232 to 2.9773 (average 2.8644) and is negatively correlated with porosity and permeability. The HPMI fractal dimension is in good agreement with the NMR movable-pore fractal dimension in terms of both numerical range and variation trend, and both effectively characterize the complexity of the connected pore system. These results provide a basis for the classification, evaluation, and fine-scale development of deep sandstone reservoirs.

Key words: deep reservoir, pore structure, high-pressure mercury intrusion (HPMI), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), fractal dimension

中图分类号:

刘奇, 姚约东, 王振杰, 王秀伟, 李天富, 周虹宇, 苏耀海. 深层砂岩油藏微观孔隙结构及分形特征[J]. 石油科学通报, 2026, 11(3): 935-947.

LIU Qi, YAO Yuedong, WANG Zhenjie, WANG Xiuwei, LI Tianfu, ZHOU Hongyu, SU Yaohai. Microscopic pore structure and fractal characteristics of deep sandstone reservoir[J]. Petroleum Science Bulletin, 2026, 11(3): 935-947.

https://sykxtb.cup.edu.cn/CN/Y2026/V11/I3/935

图/表 11

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样品序号	井深/m	核磁孔隙度/%	束缚水饱和度/%	可动流体饱和度/%	T₂截止值/ms
1#	5334.28	6.87	70.38	29.62	5.57
2#	5675.66	2.71	54.92	45.08	16.68
3#	5335.93	6.45	52.94	47.06	4.64
4#	5675.80	5.41	40.18	59.82	16.68
5#	4887.41	7.90	56.94	43.06	9.64
6#	5042.62	7.34	42.67	57.33	9.64
7#	4878.98	7.52	33.37	66.63	13.89
8#	5338.59	15.60	42.03	57.97	8.03
9#	5676.20	8.68	25.70	74.30	20.03
10#	5676.81	9.69	20.54	79.46	20.03
11#	4997.45	10.49	17.70	82.30	16.68
12#	4888.09	11.25	34.50	65.50	16.68
13#	5005.73	15.84	17.20	82.80	9.64
14#	5678.60	14.83	16.94	83.06	9.64
15#	5004.53	14.55	29.80	70.20	34.65
16#	5678.46	15.90	63.23	36.77	59.95
17#	4899.91	17.29	20.10	79.90	13.89
18#	5006.98	16.46	12.73	87.27	9.64
19#	4986.53	18.79	14.15	85.85	34.65

样品序号	井深/m	核磁孔隙度/%	束缚水饱和度/%	可动流体饱和度/%	T₂截止值/ms
1#	5334.28	6.87	70.38	29.62	5.57
2#	5675.66	2.71	54.92	45.08	16.68
3#	5335.93	6.45	52.94	47.06	4.64
4#	5675.80	5.41	40.18	59.82	16.68
5#	4887.41	7.90	56.94	43.06	9.64
6#	5042.62	7.34	42.67	57.33	9.64
7#	4878.98	7.52	33.37	66.63	13.89
8#	5338.59	15.60	42.03	57.97	8.03
9#	5676.20	8.68	25.70	74.30	20.03
10#	5676.81	9.69	20.54	79.46	20.03
11#	4997.45	10.49	17.70	82.30	16.68
12#	4888.09	11.25	34.50	65.50	16.68
13#	5005.73	15.84	17.20	82.80	9.64
14#	5678.60	14.83	16.94	83.06	9.64
15#	5004.53	14.55	29.80	70.20	34.65
16#	5678.46	15.90	63.23	36.77	59.95
17#	4899.91	17.29	20.10	79.90	13.89
18#	5006.98	16.46	12.73	87.27	9.64
19#	4986.53	18.79	14.15	85.85	34.65

样品序号	排驱压力/MPa	孔喉直径均值/μm	退汞效率/%	最大进汞饱和度/%	分形维数D_p/无因次
1#	1.03	0.52	23.25	60.249	2.8428
2#	1.08	0.60	32.01	55.071	2.8335
3#	0.48	0.86	32.36	60.209	2.8418
4#	0.46	1.22	22.96	57.985	2.8330
5#	0.25	1.84	23.27	73.654	2.7634
6#	0.46	1.23	21.84	74.859	2.7502
7#	0.25	1.73	19.57	73.759	2.7720
8#	0.12	3.40	29.51	72.522	2.7959
9#	0.20	2.86	16.05	73.464	2.7598
10#	0.20	3.25	17.56	74.680	2.7563
11#	0.10	3.61	16.39	76.474	2.7785
12#	0.20	1.68	37.15	83.847	2.6997
13#	0.11	3.42	19.21	85.562	2.6971
14#	0.11	4.34	20.62	84.209	2.7164
15#	0.09	5.43	15.08	84.982	2.7264
16#	0.09	5.80	15.91	85.197	2.7021
17#	0.08	6.38	14.46	89.205	2.6602
18#	0.10	6.15	14.00	88.680	2.6752
19#	0.10	7.47	15.58	89.440	2.6603

样品序号	排驱压力/MPa	孔喉直径均值/μm	退汞效率/%	最大进汞饱和度/%	分形维数D_p/无因次
1#	1.03	0.52	23.25	60.249	2.8428
2#	1.08	0.60	32.01	55.071	2.8335
3#	0.48	0.86	32.36	60.209	2.8418
4#	0.46	1.22	22.96	57.985	2.8330
5#	0.25	1.84	23.27	73.654	2.7634
6#	0.46	1.23	21.84	74.859	2.7502
7#	0.25	1.73	19.57	73.759	2.7720
8#	0.12	3.40	29.51	72.522	2.7959
9#	0.20	2.86	16.05	73.464	2.7598
10#	0.20	3.25	17.56	74.680	2.7563
11#	0.10	3.61	16.39	76.474	2.7785
12#	0.20	1.68	37.15	83.847	2.6997
13#	0.11	3.42	19.21	85.562	2.6971
14#	0.11	4.34	20.62	84.209	2.7164
15#	0.09	5.43	15.08	84.982	2.7264
16#	0.09	5.80	15.91	85.197	2.7021
17#	0.08	6.38	14.46	89.205	2.6602
18#	0.10	6.15	14.00	88.680	2.6752
19#	0.10	7.47	15.58	89.440	2.6603

样品序号	可动孔隙(T₂>T_2c)			有效孔隙(T₂<T_2c)
样品序号	回归方程	D_Nm	R²	回归方程	D_Nc	R²
1#	y=0.0227x+1.9246	2.9773	0.6298	y=1.8724x+0.9211	1.1276	0.9311
2#	y=0.0679x+1.7733	2.9321	0.7458	y=1.6276x+0.1886	1.3724	0.8632
3#	y=0.0538x+1.8248	2.9462	0.7393	y=1.9864x+0.8548	1.0136	0.9057
4#	y=0.0977x+1.6810	2.9023	0.6281	y=1.2457x+0.4048	1.7543	0.9026
5#	y=0.0577x+1.8124	2.9423	0.7135	y=1.9737x+0.3348	1.0263	0.8558
6#	y=0.0800x+1.7439	2.9200	0.6018	y=1.7896x+0.2541	1.2104	0.8959
7#	y=0.1422x+1.5363	2.8578	0.7276	y=1.7259x+0.0495	1.2741	0.8657
8#	y=0.0667x+1.7901	2.9333	0.5212	y=2.1966x+0.0456	0.8034	0.8980
9#	y=0.1468x+1.5221	2.8532	0.5906	y=1.3472x-0.0828	1.6528	0.8742
10#	y=0.1839x+1.4012	2.8161	0.6381	y=1.2943x-0.0690	1.2943	0.9050
11#	y=0.2768x+1.0753	2.7232	0.7815	y=1.2702x+0.0118	1.7298	0.8799
12#	y=0.1366x+1.5502	2.8634	0.6990	y=1.5278x+0.0185	1.4722	0.8326
13#	y=0.2015x+1.3473	2.7985	0.6929	y=1.7859x-0.1959	1.2141	0.8784
14#	y=0.1700x+1.4609	2.8300	0.5878	y=1.7006x-0.1565	1.2994	0.8902
15#	y=0.1421x+1.5308	2.8579	0.5834	y=1.1196x+0.0242	1.8804	0.8475
16#	y=0.0356x+1.8809	2.9644	0.3967	y=1.1352x-0.0577	1.8648	0.9176
17#	y=0.1965x+1.3498	2.8035	0.7297	y=1.6856x-0.2697	1.3144	0.8483
18#	y=0.2661x+1.1454	2.7339	0.7291	y=1.8050x-0.3966	1.8050	0.8772
19#	y=0.2312x+1.2340	2.7688	0.5901	y=1.0005x-0.0801	1.9995	0.8803

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