摘要：

页岩油气地层的成功开发主要取决于长水平段钻井和大体积压裂等工程措施，这些措施可以使具有优质地质甜点的长水平段页岩油气地层开采出更多的工业产能，其中，钻井是沟通工程与地质的最有效、最直接的技术手段。钻井地质环境是影响钻井工程过程的重要因素，既包含地层的地质因素，也包含钻井环境与地质环境的相互影响因素。从提高优质甜点钻遇率、有利于压裂和降低工程风险的轨迹优化方向出发，本文提出了页岩油气地层增产、安全和高效的井眼轨迹优化控制技术。根据页岩油气地层钻井地质环境因素形成了地质甜点评价、地质风险识别和地质—工程一体化应用模式，基于这些模式提出了3种钻井井眼轨迹优化控制技术：①根据地层空间内地质甜点的变化控制水平钻进位置，形成优选钻遇甜点层及增加页岩油气产能的轨迹控制技术；②根据工程甜点的破裂性质优化钻进方位，形成提高页岩油气地层压裂效率的轨迹方位优化技术；③根据钻井过程中的地质风险，提出了保障页岩油气地层钻井的安全性，降低钻井工程风险的轨迹控制技术。井眼轨迹优化控制技术是实现页岩油气地质—工程一体化开发的关键技术之一，有利于提高长水平井优快钻完井与大体积压裂效率，有利于提高地质甜点的钻遇率和开发效率。

关键词: 页岩油气地层, 钻井地质环境因素, 地质甜点, 井震融合, 井眼轨迹

Abstract:

The successful development of shale oil and gas formations mainly depends on engineering measures such as extended-reach horizontal drilling and high-volume fracturing, which enable high-quality geological sweet spots in long horizontal shale oil and gas formations to extract more industrial production capacity. Among them, drilling is the most effective and direct technical means to communicate engineering and geology. The drilling geological environment is a significant factor influencing the drilling engineering process, including both geological factors of the formation and the mutual influence factors between drilling environment and geological environment. In order to improve the high-quality sweet spot sweet-spot encounter rate, facilitate fracturing, and reduce engineering risks, this paper proposes wellbore trajectory optimization control technology for shale oil and gas formation production increase, safety, and efficiency. By analyzing the geological environmental factors of shale oil and gas formations, the models of geological sweet spot evaluation, geological risk identification, and geological engineering integration application have been formed. Based on these models, three drilling wellbore trajectory optimization control technologies have been proposed: ① Control the horizontal drilling position according to the changes of geological sweet spots in the formation space, and form trajectory control technologies that optimize drilling encountering sweet spot layers and enhance initial production (IP) rates; ② optimize the drilling direction based on the fracturing properties of engineering sweet spots, and trajectory direction optimization technology to improve the fracturing response characteristics of shale oil and gas formations; ③ To mitigate drilling risks, trajectory control techniques are developed to ensure the safety of drilling in shale oil and gas formations and reduce drilling engineering risks. Wellbore trajectory optimization control technology is one of the key technologies for achieving geo-engineering integration, which improves the efficiency of fast drilling and completion of long horizontal wells and high-volume fracturing, as well as increase the sweet-spot encounter rate rate and development efficiency of geological sweet spots.

Key words: shale oil and gas formations, drilling geological factors, geological sweet spot, well-seismic fusion, wellbore trajectory

中图分类号: 

• TE22

• P618.13