塔里木超深油气储层改造技术进展

doi:10.3969/j.issn.2096-1693.2025.02.017

石油科学通报 ›› 2025, Vol. 10 ›› Issue (4): 695-708. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2096-1693.2025.02.017

塔里木超深油气储层改造技术进展

彭建新¹(), 邱金平², 才博³, 尹家峰⁴, 杨战伟³^,^*(), 彭芬¹, 任登峰¹, 付海峰³, 黄瑞³, 高莹³, 张朝阳³

1 中国石油塔里木油田公司，库尔勒 841001
2 中国石油油气与新能源分公司，北京 100083
3 中国石油勘探开发研究院，北京 100083
4 中国石油长城钻探工程有限公司，盘锦 124011

收稿日期:2024-12-25 修回日期:2025-04-15 出版日期:2025-08-15 发布日期:2025-08-05
通讯作者: *杨战伟(1982年—)，高级工程师，主要从事水力压裂技术与深层酸化酸压研究，yzw69@petrochina.com.cn。
作者简介:彭建新(1970年—)，正高级工程师，主要从事试油完井及储层改造技术研究与管理，Pengjx-tlm@petrochina.com.cn。
基金资助:
中国石油天然气股份有限公司科技重大专项“超深层碎屑岩储层试油改造及采油气关键技术研究”(2023ZZ14YJ07);塔里木油田科技攻关项目《万米深层碳酸盐岩储层改造技术研究》和国家自然科学基金项目《超深层强应力下力—化联合作用水力裂缝缝网扩展与控制机理》联合资助

Technical progress of ultra-deep oil and gas reservoir stimulation in Tarim Oilfield

PENG Jianxin¹(), QIU Jinping², CAI Bo³, YIN Jiafeng⁴, YANG Zhanwei³^,^*(), PENG Fen¹, REN Dengfeng¹, FU Haifeng³, HUANG Rui³, GAO Ying³, ZHANG Zhaoyang³

1 Petrochina Tarim Oilfield Company, Korla 841001, China
2 Petrochina Oil & Gas & New Energy Company, Beijing 100083, China
3 Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development, PetroChina, Beijing 100083, China
4 Drilling Company of CNPC Greatwall Drilling Co., Ltd., Panjin124011, China

Received:2024-12-25 Revised:2025-04-15 Online:2025-08-15 Published:2025-08-05

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

塔里木盆地作为我国最重要的油气资源接替区，其深层/超深层油气资源开发面临诸多世界级技术难题。本文系统梳理了塔里木油田超深油气储层改造技术的发展历程与技术体系，重点论述了塔里木油田两大主力储层的改造技术突破：针对台盆区深层/超深层复杂碳酸盐岩储层，创新性地提出了缝洞体识别与改造一体化设计方法；针对库车山前超深裂缝性碎屑岩储层，研发了系列高效改造技术。研究取得了3项重要技术突破：一是耐高温酸液体系的成功研发，显著提升了超深储层改造效果；二是高密度加重压裂液技术的突破，为超深井改造提供了关键支撑；三是配套工艺技术的持续创新，为超深油气储层高效开发奠定了坚实基础。结合塔里木超深油气储集层的勘探开发趋势，论述了储层改造的生产需求及技术不足，包括深层/超深层储层改造室内基础研究及人工裂缝扩展机理、新型改造液、分层工具、暂堵材料及配套应用工艺技术、改造直接监测解释技术等。提出了6个方面的技术发展建议：1)构建超高温高压基础实验平台，开展岩石力学、流体渗流和导流能力测试等基础研究；2)深入研究高应力复杂储层人工裂缝扩展规律，建立考虑多场耦合的裂缝扩展模型；3)研发耐温200 ℃以上的高性能酸液体系，重点突破可加重、低摩阻、耐高温可控生酸技术；4)研发软硬分层工具、暂堵材料及配套工艺技术，完善软硬分层工艺；5)优化超深水平井“多簇限流”压裂工艺，提高缝控储量；6)建立基于光纤监测的裂缝实时诊断系统，开发耐高温井下监测工具。本研究不仅系统梳理了塔里木油田“三超”储层改造技术体系，更为我国万米储层改造提供了关键技术储备。研究成果对推动我国深层油气资源高效开发具有重要理论价值和工程指导意义，相关技术创新思路也可为全球类似地质条件的油气田开发提供参考。

关键词: 超深油气储层, 高温高压, 储层改造, 碳酸盐岩储层, 裂缝性碎屑岩储层, 技术进展

Abstract:

The Tarim Basin, functioning as China's strategic hydrocarbon resource succession zone, encounters globally recognized technical bottlenecks in the exploitation of deep/ultra-deep reservoirs. A comprehensive chronological analysis is conducted on the development trajectory of stimulation technologies for ultra-deep hydrocarbon reservoirs in the Tarim Oilfield, particularly highlighting stimulation technology breakthroughs implemented in the field’s dual primary production zones: For complex carbonate reservoirs in ultra-deep intracratonic basins, an innovative integrated design approach for fracture-cavity-system identification and stimulation was proposed; for ultra-deep fractured classic reservoirs in the Kuqa piedmont zone, a series of high-efficiency stimulation technologies were developed. The research has achieved three major technological breakthroughs: First, the successful development of high-temperature resistant acid systems has significantly enhanced stimulation effectiveness in ultra-deep reservoirs; second, the breakthrough in high-density weighted-fracturing fluid technology provides critical support for ultra-deep well stimulation; third, continuous innovations in supporting process technologies have established a solid foundation for efficient development of ultra-deep oil and gas reservoirs. Integrating exploration trends with development challenges of ultra-deep oil and gas reservoir in the Tarim Basin, the paper addresses the production demands and existing technical deficiencies in reservoir stimulation, including: the fundamental laboratory research on deep/ultra-deep reservoir stimulation, artificial fracture propagation mechanisms, development gaps in novel stimulation fluids, zonal isolation tools, temporary plugging materials and supporting application techniques, limitations in real-time monitoring and interpretation technologies for stimulation operations. Six key technical recommendations are proposed: (1) Establishment of an ultra-high temperature/pressure experimental platform to conduct fundamental research on rock mechanics, fluid flow, and conductivity testing; (2) Investigation fracture propagation mechanisms in high-stress complex reservoirs and develop a multi-physics coupled fracture growth model; (3) Development of high-performance acid systems resistant to 200 °C, with breakthroughs in weighted, low-friction, thermal-stable, and controlled-acid-generation technologies; (4) Development of engineer stratified stimulation tools (including diverting agents and supporting techniques) to optimize treatment in interbedded formations; (5) Enhancement of “multi-cluster limited-entry” fracturing for ultra-deep horizontal wells to improve fracture-controlled reserves; (6) Implemention of real-time fracture diagnostics using fiber-optic monitoring and develop high-temperature downhole monitoring tools. This study not only systematically synthesizes the stimulation technology framework for “triple-ultra” (ultra-deep, ultra-high temperature, ultra-high pressure) reservoirs in the Tarim Oilfield, but also establishes critical technological foundations for China’s 10 000-meter-depth reservoir stimulation endeavors. The research outcomes provide significant theoretical value and engineering guidance for promoting efficient development of deep hydrocarbon resources in China, while the innovative technological approaches may also serve as valuable references for global oilfield development under analogous geological conditions.

Key words: ultra-deep oil and gas reservoir, high temperature and pressure, reservoir stimulation, carbonate reservoirs, fractured clastic reservoirs, technological advancements

中图分类号:

TE352
TE37

彭建新, 邱金平, 才博, 尹家峰, 杨战伟, 彭芬, 任登峰, 付海峰, 黄瑞, 高莹, 张朝阳. 塔里木超深油气储层改造技术进展[J]. 石油科学通报, 2025, 10(4): 695-708.

PENG Jianxin, QIU Jinping, CAI Bo, YIN Jiafeng, YANG Zhanwei, PENG Fen, REN Dengfeng, FU Haifeng, HUANG Rui, GAO Ying, ZHANG Zhaoyang. Technical progress of ultra-deep oil and gas reservoir stimulation in Tarim Oilfield[J]. Petroleum Science Bulletin, 2025, 10(4): 695-708.

https://sykxtb.cup.edu.cn/CN/Y2025/V10/I4/695

图/表 14

图1 轮古潜山区地震反射分类

Fig. 1 Seismic facies classification of Ordovician carbonate buried-hill structures at the Lungu area

图2 交联酸酸压施工井改造曲线

Fig. 2 Stimulation performance curves of crosslinked acid fracturing treatment well

图3 典型井走滑断裂带内部“栅状结构”示意图

Fig. 3 Schematic model of “en-echelon structure” within a strike-slip fault zone of a typical well

图4 交联酸在180 ℃、170 s^-1剪切速率下的剪切流变曲线

Fig. 4 The rheology curve of crosslinked acid at 180 ℃ with shear rate 170 s^-1

图5 轮探1井奇格布拉克组(8750 m)改造施工曲线

Fig. 5 Stimulation treatment curves of Well Luntan-1 in the Qigebulake Formation (8750 m)

图6 寒武系白云岩露头岩石强度跟围压相关性

Fig. 6 Correlation between rock strength and confining pressure of Cambrian Dolomite Outcrops

图7 泥浆浸入前后对寒武系白云岩露头破裂压力的影响

Fig. 7 Impact of drilling fluid invasion on fracture pressure of Cambrian Dolomite Outcrops

图8 高密度加重压裂液应力腐蚀评价

Fig. 8 Stress corrosion evaluation of high-density weighted fracturing fluid

图9 酸蚀裂缝、支撑裂缝及组合裂缝导流能力测试

Fig. 9 Conductivity test results for acid-etched fractures, propped fractures, and hybrid fracture systems

表1 不同浓度自生酸在150 ℃的生酸量

Table 1 Acid-generating capacity of self-generating acid with different concentrations at 150 ℃

自生酸用量/%	作业时间/h	折合盐酸浓度/%
10	4	6.86
15	4	9.78
20	4	12.09
25	4	14.50
30	4	16.20

图10 高温自生酸酸蚀能力对比

Fig. 10 Comparative analysis of acid-etching capacity for high-temperature self-generating acid systems

图11 大斜度井(70°)不同应力差的水力压裂物理模拟实验结果

Fig. 11 Physical simulation results of hydraulic fracturing in high-angle wells (70° deviation) with different stress

图12 加重压裂液在220 ℃、170 s^-1剪切速率下的剪切流变曲线

Fig. 12 The rheology curve of weighed fracturing fluid at 220 ℃ with shear rate 170 s^-1

图13 加重压裂液井口降压效果对比

Fig. 13 The pressure reduction analysis of wellhead with weighted fracturing fluids

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