华北地区深层煤层气保存条件对富集高产的影响研究

doi:10.3969/j.issn.2096-1693.2026.01.001

石油科学通报 ›› 2026, Vol. 11 ›› Issue (1): 2-13. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2096-1693.2026.01.001

华北地区深层煤层气保存条件对富集高产的影响研究

郭旭升¹^,²^,³^,⁴^,⁵(), 刘曾勤²^,³^,⁴^,⁵^,^*(), 赵培荣²^,³^,⁴^,⁵, 申宝剑²^,³^,⁴^,⁵, 赵石虎²^,³^,⁴^,⁵, 叶金诚²^,³^,⁴^,⁵, 张嘉琪²^,³^,⁴^,⁵, 万俊雨²^,³^,⁴^,⁵, 陈新军²^,³^,⁴^,⁵, 邱峰²^,³^,⁴^,⁵, 邵延文²^,³^,⁴^,⁵, 王天云²^,³^,⁴^,⁵, 丁安徐⁵^,⁶, 马超⁵^,⁷

1 中国石油化工股份有限公司，北京 100728
2 页岩油气富集机理与高效开发全国重点实验室，北京 102206
3 中国石化页岩油气勘探开发重点实验室，北京 102206
4 中国石化石油勘探开发研究院，北京 102206
5 中国石化深层煤层气勘探开发重点实验室，北京 102206
6 中国石化华东油气分公司勘探开发研究院，扬州 225007
7 中国石化华北油气分公司勘探开发研究院，郑州 450006

收稿日期:2025-08-05 修回日期:2025-10-15 出版日期:2026-02-15 发布日期:2026-02-12
通讯作者: * 刘曾勤(1985年—)，博士，副研究员，从事非常规油气勘探研究，liuzengqin.syky@sinopec.com。
作者简介:郭旭升(1965年—)，中国工程院院士，从事油气勘探研究与生产管理，guoxs.syky@sinopec.com。
基金资助:
油气重大专项课题“多(薄)储层煤岩气评价与立体开发技术”(2025ZD1404204);中国石化科技攻关项目“深部煤层气富集规律与预测评价技术”(P23206)

Controls of deep coalbed methane preservation conditions on enrichment and high productivity in North China

GUO Xusheng¹^,²^,³^,⁴^,⁵(), LIU Zengqin²^,³^,⁴^,⁵^,^*(), ZHAO Peirong²^,³^,⁴^,⁵, SHEN Baojian²^,³^,⁴^,⁵, ZHAO Shihu²^,³^,⁴^,⁵, YE Jincheng²^,³^,⁴^,⁵, ZHANG Jiaqi²^,³^,⁴^,⁵, WAN Junyu²^,³^,⁴^,⁵, CHEN Xinjun²^,³^,⁴^,⁵, QIU Feng²^,³^,⁴^,⁵, SHAO Yanwen²^,³^,⁴^,⁵, WANG Tianyun²^,³^,⁴^,⁵, DING Anxu⁵^,⁶, MA Chao⁵^,⁷

1 Sinopec, Beijing 100728, China
2 State Key Laboratory of Shale Oil and Gas Enrichment Mechanisms and Effective Development, Beijing 102206, China
3 Sinopec Key Laboratory of Shale Oil/Gas Exploration and Production Technology, Beijing 102206, China
4 Exploration and Production Research Institute, Sinopec, Beijing 102206, China
5 Sinopec Key Laboratory of Deep CBM Exploration and Development, Beijing 102206, China
6 Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development, Sinopec East China Branch Company, Yangzhou 225007, China
7 Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development, Sinopec North China Oil and Gas Branch, Zhengzhou 450006, China

Received:2025-08-05 Revised:2025-10-15 Online:2026-02-15 Published:2026-02-12
Contact: *liuzengqin.syky@sinopec.com

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

华北地区深层煤层气(埋深>1500 m)资源量超30万亿方，勘探取得了重大突破，成为天然气增产上产的新领域，但面临着保存条件复杂、富集高产规律不清、产量差异大等关键问题。本文聚焦深层煤层气保存条件这一核心科学问题，采用地质、地球化学、地球物理多学科交叉分析方法，系统剖析了华北地区鄂尔多斯盆地和沁水盆地典型深层煤层气探井的煤岩煤质、岩性组合、构造保存特征，以期明确深层煤层气保存条件对富集高产的控制作用。研究发现，深层煤层气差异保存受控于吸附自封闭－物性封闭－构造保存系统的耦合：(1)有利煤岩煤质是强吸附和高含气的基础，低灰分高演化程度煤岩，兰氏体积大，临界深度大，自封闭能力强。(2)致密岩性组合是深层游离气逸散的屏障，灰岩和泥岩的孔隙度低，喉道半径较小，突破压力大，物性封闭条件好，总滞留气量较高。(3)连续稳定有效保存是富含游离气的关键，抬升晚、幅度小、构造活动弱有利于游离气聚集，压力系数较大。深层煤层气差异保存条件研究深化了富集高产认识，为优选勘探开发有利目标提供了理论基础。

关键词: 深层煤层气, 华北地区, 吸附自封闭, 物性封闭, 构造保存

Abstract:

The deep coalbed methane (CBM) resources (buried deeper than 1500 m) in North China exceed 30 trillion cubic meters, with significant breakthroughs in exploration, making it a new frontier for natural gas production growth. However, it faces key issues, including complex preservation conditions, unclear controls on enrichment and high productivity, and large production variations. In order to clarify the control factors of preservation conditions of deep CBM, the coal quality, lithology combination, and structural preservation characteristics of typical deep CBM exploration wells in North China are systematically analyzed with multidisciplinary analysis methods of geology, geochemistry, and geophysics. This study reveals that the differential preservation of deep CBM is controlled by the dynamic coupling mechanism of adsorption self-sealing, physical property sealing, and structural preservation system: (1) Favorable coal quality is the basis of strong adsorption. Coal with low ash content and a high evolution degree is characterized by a large Langmuir volume, a great critical depth, and strong self-sealing ability. (2) Tightly lithology combination is a barrier to deep free gas dissipation. Limestone and mudstone exhibit low porosity, a small throat radius, and high breakthrough pressure, resulting in good physical sealing conditions and a high total retained gas content. (3) Continuous and stable structural preservation is the key to free gas enrichment. Late-stage uplift with low amplitude and weak tectonic activity is conducive to free gas accumulation, resulting in a high-pressure coefficient. In summary, areas characterized by deep burial, low-ash coal, limestone/mudstone roof rocks, and structural stability are favorable for deep CBM preservation. The study of differential preservation of deep CBM deepens the understanding of enrichment and high productivity, and provides a theoretical basis for optimizing favorable exploration and development targets.

Key words: deep coalbed methane (deep CBM), North China, adsorption self-sealing, physical property sealing, structure preservation

中图分类号:

郭旭升, 刘曾勤, 赵培荣, 申宝剑, 赵石虎, 叶金诚, 张嘉琪, 万俊雨, 陈新军, 邱峰, 邵延文, 王天云, 丁安徐, 马超. 华北地区深层煤层气保存条件对富集高产的影响研究[J]. 石油科学通报, 2026, 11(1): 2-13.

GUO Xusheng, LIU Zengqin, ZHAO Peirong, SHEN Baojian, ZHAO Shihu, YE Jincheng, ZHANG Jiaqi, WAN Junyu, CHEN Xinjun, QIU Feng, SHAO Yanwen, WANG Tianyun, DING Anxu, MA Chao. Controls of deep coalbed methane preservation conditions on enrichment and high productivity in North China[J]. Petroleum Science Bulletin, 2026, 11(1): 2-13.

https://sykxtb.cup.edu.cn/CN/Y2026/V11/I1/2

图/表 11

图1 华北地区喜马拉雅期构造纲要图(a)及东西向构造剖面图(b)^[19]

Fig. 1 Tectonic outline map (a) and east-west profile (b) of North China during the Himalayan period ^[19]

表1 华北地区深层煤层气典型井地质特征对比

Table 1 Comparison of geological characteristics of typical deep coalbed methane wells in North China

盆地		鄂尔多斯盆地	鄂尔多斯盆地	沁水盆地
典型井		大牛地 YM1HF井	大宁吉县 DJ57井	晋中 J1井
主力煤层埋深/m		8#煤：2872	8#煤：1884	15#煤：1883
煤岩煤质	灰分产率/%	18	11	18
煤岩煤质	R_o/%	1.72	2.20	2.91
保存条件	岩性组合	灰煤^*	灰煤^*	泥煤^*
保存条件	抬升幅度/m	1314	1579	1745
赋存状态	总含气量/(m³/t)	31(钻杆取心)	26(保压取心)	28(绳索取心)
赋存状态	游离气占比/%	33~61	12~28	基本无游离气

图2 鄂尔多斯盆地不同灰分煤层的兰氏体积

Fig. 2 Langmuir volumes of coal seams with different ash contents in the Ordos Basin

图3 YM1HF井宏观煤岩类型对含气量的影响

Fig. 3 The influence of coal types on gas contents in well YM1HF

图4 鄂尔多斯盆地不同热演化程度煤层的兰氏体积

Fig. 4 Langmuir volumes of coal seams with different thermal evolution degrees in the Ordos Basin

图5 大牛地地区太原组8#煤不同温度压力的等温吸附实验

Fig. 5 Isothermal adsorption experiments at different temperatures and pressures of No. 8 coal seam in Daniudi area

图6 鄂尔多斯盆地不同煤阶煤层含气量随埋深变化^[7]

Fig. 6 The variation of gas content with burial depth in different coal ranks of the Ordos Basin^[7]

表2 鄂尔多斯盆地大牛地地区不同岩性的喉道半径和排驱压力

Table 2 Throat radius and displacement pressure of different lithologies in the Ordos Basin

参数	煤层	砂岩	泥岩	灰岩
平均喉道半径/nm	380.35	420.42	84.58	8.90
平均排驱压力/MPa	0.84	2.14	20.38	82.46
备注	22个样品	3个样品	7个样品	3个样品

图7 鄂尔多斯盆地太原组煤370 ℃模拟实验排出气和滞留气量

Fig. 7 Expelled and retained gas volumes from 370 °C simulation experiments on Taiyuan Formation coal in the Ordos Basin

图8 华北地区太原组煤层埋藏史(修编自^[26,28,45])

Fig. 8 Burial history of coal seam of Taiyuan Formation in North China (Revised from^[26,28,45])

表3 华北地区深层煤层气保存条件评价体系

Table 3 Evaluation system for preservation conditions of deep coalbed methane in North China

选区参数		Ⅰ类区	Ⅱ类区	Ⅲ类区
吸附自封闭	演化程度R_o/%	≥1.2	0.7≤R_o<1.2	<0.7
吸附自封闭	灰分产率A_d/%	≤20	20<A_d≤40	>40
物性封闭	岩性组合	灰煤	泥煤	砂煤
构造保存	构造复杂程度	构造宽缓	构造较复杂	构造复杂
	抬升幅度	抬升幅度小	抬升幅度中等	抬升幅度大
	煤体结构	原生结构	碎裂－碎粒结构	糜棱结构

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