非稳态注水提采机制及注采参数差异化确定方法

doi:10.3969/j.issn.2096-1693.2025.03.026

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

随着油田降本增效战略推进，非稳态注水逐渐成为改善水驱开发效果的关键技术。研究针对非稳态注水提采机制不清晰和注采参数不明确问题，通过室内可视化实验、数值模拟、渗流信号处理、渗流力学理论等，揭示了非稳态注水驱油机理和力学作用机制，并考虑储层非均质性构建了差异化注采参数确定方法。研究结果表明：非稳态注水以正反压力差为主要动力、毛管力为辅；储层非均质系数、含水率、注采周期是影响开发效果的主控因素；非稳态注水要考虑储层非均质性设计差异化注采参数才能发挥有效驱油目的。研究结果被应用于典型低渗高含水油藏，现场取得了很好的开发效果，证明了方法的可靠性，同时研究建立的方法可为非稳态注水技术推广提供理论和方法支撑。

关键词: 非稳态注水, 正反压力差, 毛管力, 井间连通性, 注采周期

Abstract:

With the promotion of the strategy of reducing costs and increasing efficiency in oilfields, unsteady water injection has gradually become a key technology to improve the development effect of water flooding. In order to solve the problems of unclear mechanism and unclear injection-production parameters of unsteady water injection and production, the mechanism and mechanism of unsteady water injection and oil displacement were revealed through indoor visualization experiments, numerical simulation, seepage signal processing, seepage mechanics theory, etc., the key factors of unsteady water injection reservoir screening were proposed, and a differentiated injection-production parameter determination method was constructed considering the heterogeneity of the reservoir. The results show that the unsteady water injection is mainly driven by the positive and negative pressure difference, supplemented by capillary force. Reservoir heterogeneity coefficient, water cut, and injection-production cycle are the main controlling factors affecting the development effect. Unsteady water injection should consider the heterogeneity of the reservoir and design differentiated injection-production parameters in order to play an effective role in oil flooding. The research results have been applied to typical low-permeability and high-water-cut reservoirs, and the development results have been very good, which proves the reliability of the method, and the method established in this study can provide theoretical and methodological support for the popularization of unsteady water injection technology.

Key words: unsteady water injection, positive and negative pressure differences, capillary force, inter-well connectivity, Injection-production cycle

中图分类号:

赵晓亮, 孙盼科, 蒋无穷, 张伟. 非稳态注水提采机制及注采参数差异化确定方法[J]. 石油科学通报, 2025, 10(6): 1215-1227.

ZHAO Xiaoliang, SUN Panke, JIANG Wuqiong, ZHANG Wei. Unsteady water injection extraction mechanism and differentiated determination method of injection and production parameters[J]. Petroleum Science Bulletin, 2025, 10(6): 1215-1227.

https://sykxtb.cup.edu.cn/CN/Y2025/V10/I6/1215

图/表 17

图1 周期注水高低渗油水交渗示意图

Fig. 1 Schematic diagram of high and low permeability oil-water cross-permeation during periodic water injection

图2 非均质岩心薄片非稳态注水可视化实验结果

Fig. 2 Visual experimental results of unsteady-state water injection in heterogeneous core slices

图3 裂缝性岩心薄片非稳态注水可视化实验结果

Fig. 3 Visual experimental results of unsteady-state water injection on fractured core slices

图4 双重毛管力曲线

Fig. 4 Double capillary force curve

图5 相渗滞后现象

Fig. 5 Relative permeability hysteresis phenomenon

图6 周期注水含水饱和度增量图

Fig. 6 Water saturation increment diagram of periodic water injection

图7 一个周期内工作制度工作示意图

Fig. 7 Schematic diagram of the working system within one cycle

图8 周期注水制度井间压力梯度曲线

Fig. 8 Inter-well pressure gradient curve under periodic water injection system

图9 不同注采比条件下注采包络线图

Fig. 9 Injection-production envelope diagram under different injection-production ratios

图10 不同注采周期比条件下注采包络线图

Fig. 10 Injection-production envelope diagram under different injection-production cycle ratios

图11 不同注采周期条件下注采包络线图

Fig. 11 Injection-production envelope diagram under different injection-production cycle conditions

图12 不同注入速度下注采包络线图

Fig. 12 Injection-production envelope diagram under different injection rates

图13 井间联通性定量分级标准图

Fig. 13 Quantitative grading standard for inter-well connec-tivity

图14 非稳态注水开发设计流程

Fig. 14 Unsteady-state water injection development design process

图15 井组1和井组2井间连通性评价结果

Fig. 15 Evaluation results of inter-well connectivity between Well Cluster 1 and Well Cluster 2

表1 典型井组非稳态注水开发参数设计表

Table 1 Design table of unsteady water injection develop-ment parameters for typical well groups

注入井	生产井	注采半周期/d
W1	O1-1	8
W1	O1-2	7
W2	O2-1	8
	O2-2	11
	O2-3	5

图16 典型井组非稳态注水实施效果图

Fig. 16 Implementation effect diagram of unsteady water injection in typical well clusters

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