摘要：

针对塔里木盆地深层—超深层碳酸盐岩断控缝洞型储层非均质强、断裂分段差异下储层展布与主控机制认识不清的问题，以富满地区F_I6走滑断裂带为研究对象，综合地震属性分析、测井裂缝识别、实钻资料对比与野外露头观测，刻画断裂带差异变形与内部结构并揭示其对储层发育的控制机理。研究结果表明：F_I6走滑断裂带依变形强度和应力组合特征可划分为线性段、斜列破碎段、左阶挤压段与马尾构造段等多个构造单元。不同构造段内应力状态与次级断裂组合方式差异显著，控制了裂缝与孔洞系统的发育规模与连通方式，进而主导了缝洞储层的空间展布。构造变形与储层发育之间存在明显的空间耦合关系，与低变形段相比，高变形强度段的平均孔隙度由2%提高到5%，储层平均厚度由270 m增加到645 m，整体储集空间质量显著提升。在储层结构特征方面，通过剖析断裂带的核心区与损伤带结构差异，本文归纳总结出六种典型的缝洞型储层内部结构模式：①断层核主导的大型孤立型储层模式；②损伤带主导的裂缝型储层模式；③核带复合结构型缝洞储层模式；④断裂交汇控点型储层模式；⑤叠接挤压破碎型复合储层模式；⑥栅状缝网型裂缝储层模式。各类型储层在空间形态、孔隙连通性与储集机理上均存在明显差异，反映出构造分段、应力演化及断裂内部结构对碳酸盐岩储集空间的主控效应。研究成果不仅深化了走滑断裂带差异变形特征对碳酸盐岩储层控制机制的认识，也为复杂断裂带区的三维地质建模与缝洞型油藏高效开发提供了理论依据和技术支撑。

关键词: 塔里木盆地, 深层-超深层, 断控缝洞型储层, 储集体结构, 控制机理

Abstract:

To address the pronounced heterogeneity of deep-ultra-deep fault-controlled fractured-vuggy carbonate reservoirs in the Tarim Basin and the limited understanding of reservoir distribution and key controlling mechanisms across fault segments, this study investigates the F_I6 strike-slip fault zone in the Fuman area. By integrating seismic-attribute analysis, log-based fracture identification, drilling data comparisons, and field outcrop observations, we characterize segment-dependent deformation and the internal fault-zone architecture, and elucidate how the strike-slip fault system controls reservoir development. Results show that the F_Ⅰ6 fault zone is subdivided into linear, en-echelon fractured, left-stepping compressional, and horsetail segments. Segment-scale variations in stress regime and secondary fault arrangements control the scale and connectivity of fractures and vugs, producing a clear spatial coupling between deformation intensity and reservoir quality. Compared with weakly deformed segments, highly deformed domains show an increase in average porosity from approximately 2% to 5% and in average reservoir thickness from about 270 m to 645 m, indicating a significantly improved reservoir quality. By comparing the structural characteristics of the fault core and damage zone, we propose six representative models of internal reservoir architecture: (1) large isolated reservoirs dominated by the fault core; (2) fracture-dominated reservoirs governed by the damage zone; (3) core-zone composite fracture-cavity reservoirs; (4) intersection-controlled localized accumulations; (5) superimposed compressional breccia-cavity composites in overlapping segments; and (6) grid-like fracture-network reservoirs in horsetail terminations. Each model differs significantly in spatial morphology, pore connectivity, and accumulation mechanisms, reflecting the dominant influences of fault segmentation, stress evolution, and internal structural variation on carbonate reservoir development. These results clarify the mechanistic links between strike-slip differential deformation and reservoir heterogeneity and provide a practical basis for 3-D modeling and development planning in structurally complex carbonate settings.

Key words: Tarim Basin, deep to ultra-deep, fault-controlled fracture-cavity reservoir, reservoir structure, control mechanism

中图分类号: 

• TE37

• P618.13