中国科技核心期刊
(中国科技论文统计源期刊)
  Scopus收录期刊

石油科学通报 ›› 2025, Vol. 10 ›› Issue (4): 829-846. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2096-1693.2025.01.019

• • 上一篇    

多维随机不确定性下的超重油加绿氢解构技术经济分析与系统优化

王泽军1,2,3(), 张洛源4, 阎立军4, 张奇1,3,5,*()   

  1. 1 中国石油大学(北京)经济管理学院,北京 102249
    2 中国石油大学(北京)克拉玛依校区文理学院,克拉玛依 834000
    3 碳中和与能源经济自治区咨询研究平台,克拉玛依 834000
    4 克拉玛依市先进科技联合研究院,克拉玛依 834000
    5 中国石油大学(北京)克拉玛依校区工商管理学院,克拉玛依 834000
  • 收稿日期:2025-04-24 修回日期:2025-07-03 出版日期:2025-08-15 发布日期:2025-08-05
  • 通讯作者: *张奇(1979年—),博士,中国石油大学(北京)教授,博士生导师,从事能源技术经济与管理等方面研究,ZhangQi56@tsinghua.org.cn
  • 作者简介:王泽军(1992年—),博士研究生,中国石油大学(北京)克拉玛依校区讲师,从事技术经济及运筹优化研究,wangzj@cupk.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家社科基金项目(24VRC022);中央引导地方科技发展资金项目(ZYYD2025ZY13);天山研究院开放基金重点项目(TSKF20240001)

Techno-economic analysis and system optimization of extra heavy oil green hydrogen cracking under multidimensional stochastic uncertainty

WANG Zejun1,2,3(), ZHANG Luoyuan4, YAN Lijun4, ZHANG Qi1,3,5,*()   

  1. 1 School of Economics and Management, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China
    2 College of Arts and Sciences, Karamay Campus, China University of Petroleum, Karamay 834000, China
    3 Carbon Neutrality and Energy Economics Research and Advisory Platform of Xinjiang Autonomous Region, Karamay 834000, China
    4 Karamay Institute of Advanced Science and Technology, Karamay 834000, China
    5 School of Business Administration, Karamay Campus, China University of Petroleum, Karamay 834000, China
  • Received:2025-04-24 Revised:2025-07-03 Online:2025-08-15 Published:2025-08-05

摘要:

在国际油价波动和供应链风险加剧的背景下,提升原油供应的稳定性和自主保障能力已成为保障国家能源安全的战略重点。超重油储量丰富、价格低廉,并且具备通过加氢解构转化为高品质轻质合成原油的技术潜力。然而,该路径的经济性受超重油采购价格、绿氢及绿电成本波动等关键因素影响显著,需构建多维不确定性下的定量评估与优化模型,为投资决策提供依据。本研究在传统技术经济分析模型的基础上,引入多维随机变量波动的影响,采用参数扰动与蒙特卡洛模拟技术,构建了一个多维随机不确定性下的盈亏平衡价格模型。在此基础上,结合超重油价格的波动特征,构建原料采购与储备优化模型,形成了一套系统化的评估与优化框架。研究结果表明,原料采购成本和绿氢成本是影响盈亏平衡价格分布的主要因素。在基准情景下,盈亏平衡价格呈右偏分布,偏度系数0.76,其10%~90% 分位数区间为 [5537, 7601] 元/t。盈亏平衡价格存在长尾分布特征,有5% 的概率盈亏平衡价格超过 8000元/t。在作用机制上,价格上升推高了边际成本,使盈亏平衡点整体右移。同时,价格波动幅度的扩大加剧成本不确定性,拉长分布尾部、拓宽区间,显著增加尾部风险。在实施采购储备优化策略的情景下,每年可节约成本 2.66 亿元,并使盈亏平衡价格由右偏分布转变为近似正态分布。相较于未进行采购储备优化的基准情景,优化后极端高位盈亏平衡价格的出现概率降低,其10%~90% 分位数区间宽度减少 1519 元/t。按照轻质合成原油市场价格7000元/t计算,盈利概率由 74% 提升至 99%。储备优化有效降低了高盈亏平衡价格的发生概率,提高了盈利稳定性。同时,绿氢制取成本下降将进一步改善经济性。此外,不同风险偏好显著影响投资者对收益不确定性的接受程度,政策设计应考虑其差异性以提升方案适配性。本研究可为超重油加绿氢解构生产轻质合成原油技术投资提供科学决策支持,有望为我国在碳中和目标下的能源安全与低碳转型提供新型可行路径。

关键词: 超重油, 绿氢, 随机不确定性, 蒙特卡洛模拟, 盈亏平衡价格

Abstract:

In the context of increasing global oil price volatility and escalating supply chain risks, enhancing the stability and self-sufficiency of crude oil supply has become a strategic priority for ensuring national energy security. Extra heavy oil, characterized by abundant reserves and low cost, holds significant potential to be converted into high-quality synthetic light crude through hydrogen-based deconstruction using green hydrogen. However, the economic viability of this pathway is highly sensitive to fluctuations in key factors such as extra heavy oil procurement prices, green hydrogen production costs, and renewable electricity prices. Therefore, it is essential to develop a quantitative evaluation and optimization model under multi-dimensional uncertainty to support investment decision-making. Building on conventional techno-economic analysis frameworks, this study incorporates the effects of multi-dimensional stochastic variables by employing parameter perturbation and Monte Carlo simulation methods to construct a breakeven price model under uncertainty. Based on the volatility characteristics of extra heavy oil prices, a feedstock procurement and storage optimization model is further developed, forming a systematic evaluation and optimization framework. The results show that feedstock procurement costs and green hydrogen production costs are the primary factors influencing the distribution of breakeven prices. Under the baseline scenario, the breakeven price exhibits a right-skewed distribution with a skewness coefficient of 0.76, and the 10%~90% quantile range spans from 5537 to 7601 CNY/ton. The distribution has a long-tail characteristic, with a 5% probability of exceeding 8000 CNY/ton. Mechanistically, price increases raise marginal costs and shift the breakeven point to the right. Meanwhile, greater price volatility amplifies cost uncertainty, thickens the distribution tail, and increases the risk of extreme outcomes. Under a procurement and storage optimization strategy, annual cost savings of approximately 266 million CNY can be achieved, and the breakeven price distribution transitions from right-skewed to approximately normal. Compared to the baseline scenario without optimization, the probability of extreme high breakeven prices is significantly reduced, and the 10%~90% quantile range narrows by 1519 CNY/ton. Assuming a synthetic light crude market price of 7000 CNY/ton, the probability of profitability increases from 74% to 99%. Storage optimization effectively lowers the probability of high breakeven prices and enhances profit stability. In addition, reductions in green hydrogen production costs will further improve economic performance. The study also finds that investors’ varying risk preferences significantly affect their tolerance for return uncertainty, suggesting that policy design should account for such heterogeneity to enhance plan adaptability. This research provides scientific decision-making support for investment in extra heavy oil deconstruction via green hydrogen and offers a novel and practical pathway for enhancing energy security and achieving low-carbon transition under China’s carbon neutrality goals.

Key words: extra heavy oil, green hydrogen, stochastic uncertainty, Monte Carlo simulation, breakeven price

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