页岩革命使美国摆脱了对进口石油天然气的依赖,成为了石油天然气净出口国.本文回顾了美国页岩革命历程,总结了页岩油气、致密油气的特点,分析了我国页岩革命的发展现状,提出了页岩油气、致密油气基础地质理论问题.研究表明:(A)美国具有资源禀赋好、科学技术创新能力强、投资能力巨大、工程施工能力强大等优势,已经实现了页岩革命,中国页岩革命正在进行中.(B)与常规油气相比,页岩油气致密油气的成藏模式、开发方式均有所不同.其具有连续性大面积分布,油气自封闭成藏,开发生产工程量巨大,油气田生产的"分布式"特点可灵活应对建产减产,以及采收率低的特点.(C)我国页岩油气进一步大幅上产需要满足 7 个条件:①资源清楚;②水平井、压裂技术成熟;③成本可控;④后期提高采收率工程空间大;⑤符合环境要求;⑥充分的资本投资;⑦强大的工程施工能力.(D)全油气系统具有常规油气—致密油气—页岩油气序列成藏的规律.页岩油气、致密油气藏具有储层致密、流体组成与相态复杂、油藏驱动方式多样的基本特征,面临着储层地质模型与流动模型不清的问题.需要进一步开展全油气系统理论研究,并大力发展甜点评价技术与压裂技术.

The shale revolution has weaned the US from its dependence on imported oil and gas to become a net exporter.This paper reviews the history of the shale revolution in the United States,summarizes the characteristics of shale oil and tight oil and gas,analyzes the development status of the shale oil and gas revolution in China,and puts forward the basic geological theory of shale oil and tight oil and gas.The research shows that:(A)The United States has advantages such as good resource endowment,strong scientific and technological innovation ability,huge investment capacity,and strong engineering construction capacity,and has already realized the shale revolution.China's shale revolution is now under way.(B)Compared with conventional oil and gas,shale oil and tight oil and gas have different accumulation modes and development methods.They have the characteristics of continuous large-area distribution,self-sealing oil and gas accumulations,huge development and production engineering,and the"distributed"characteristics of oil and gas field production can flexibly cope with the characteristics of production reduction and low recovery.(C)Seven conditions need to be met for the further production of shale oil and gas in China:These are(1)Clear resources;(2)Mature horizontal well and fracturing technology;(3)The cost is controllable;(4)The engineering space of enhanced oil recovery in the late stage is large;(5)Meet environmental requirements;(6)Adequate capital investment;(7)Strong engineering construction ability.(D)The whole oil and gas system has a sequence of conventional oil and gas,tight oil and gas and shale oil and gas.Shale oil and gas and tight oil and gas reservoirs have the basic characteristics of tight reservoirs,complex fluid composition and phase state,and diverse reservoir driving modes,and we are faced with the problem of unclear reservoir geological and flow models.It is necessary to carry out further theoretical research of the whole oil and gas system,and vigorously develop sweet spot evaluation technology and fracturing technology.