摘要：

在全球能源绿色转型与“双碳”战略目标的驱动下，碳捕集、利用与封存(CCUS)技术被视为我国工业领域实现深度脱碳的关键路径之一。作为CCUS产业规模化落地的关键基础设施，超临界二氧化碳(Supercritical CO₂，sCO₂)管道具有输送密度高、运行工况稳定、经济优势显著等特点。然而，我国sCO₂管道技术整体起步较晚，在实际运行过程中面临相态突变、管道腐蚀、泄漏安全管控难度大等突出难题，制约了管道长期安全稳定运行与CCUS产业规模化推广。本文系统梳理了sCO₂管道发展、相态调控、泄放与泄漏防控、止裂控制及腐蚀防护等关键技术研究现状。展望未来，sCO₂管道建设有望依托产业聚集区逐步形成规模化组网，并深度融合数字化技术与标准化体系，从而提升整体运行效能。目前，我国大规模、长距离sCO₂管道仍处于示范起步阶段，正在建设的吉林石化—吉林油田CO₂管道工程拟采用超临界/密相输送方案，将为长距离高压管输的相态控制、关键装备和安全保障技术提供工程验证场景，但复杂地貌和多组分气源条件下的瞬态多相流动、裂纹扩展及腐蚀防控等问题仍需进一步研究。未来，应依托全尺寸工程示范与技术迭代，完善多因素耦合作用下的安全保障技术体系，推动数字技术与管道设计、建设、运维全流程深度融合，加快构建sCO₂管道输送的标准规范体系，为数字化、集约化sCO₂管道规模化建设与CCUS高质量发展提供坚实支撑。

关键词: sCO₂管道, CCUS, 安全与流动保障, 数智化管道, 长输管道

Abstract:

Carbon capture, utilization and storage (CCUS) is a key pathway to deep decarbonization in China’s industrial sector amid the global energy transition and China’s carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals. Supercritical carbon dioxide (sCO₂) pipelines are important infrastructure for large-scale CCUS deployment because of their high transport density and potential economic advantages. However, sCO₂ pipeline technology in China remains at an early stage of development. Phase instability, corrosion and leakage risks pose challenges to long-term safe operation and wider CCUS deployment. This review examines the development of sCO₂ pipelines and advances in phase behavior control, controlled depressurization, leakage prevention, fracture propagation control and corrosion protection. Large-scale, long-distance sCO₂ pipelines in China remain at the demonstration stage. The Jilin Petrochemical-Jilin Oilfield CO₂ pipeline, which is under construction and is designed for supercritical/dense-phase transport, is expected to provide an engineering setting for evaluating phase control, key equipment and safety measures in long-distance, high-pressure CO₂ transport. Nevertheless, transient multiphase flow, fracture propagation and corrosion under conditions involving complex terrain and multicomponent CO₂ streams require further investigation. Future work should combine full-scale demonstrations with technological development to strengthen safety measures under interacting risk factors. Digital technologies should also be integrated throughout pipeline design, construction, operation and maintenance, alongside the development of standards for sCO₂ transport. These efforts would support the development of integrated, digitally managed sCO₂ pipeline networks and the wider deployment of CCUS.

Key words: sCO₂ pipelines, CCUS, pipeline safety and flow assurance, digital and intelligent pipelines, long-distance pipelines

中图分类号: 

• TE832

• X701