CO<sub>2</sub>注入管柱多场耦合附加应力计算方法研究

doi:10.3969/j.issn.2096-1693.2025.03.014

石油科学通报 ›› 2025, Vol. 10 ›› Issue (3): 527-539. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2096-1693.2025.03.014

CO₂注入管柱多场耦合附加应力计算方法研究

杨振¹^,²(), 闫伟¹^,²^,^*(), 吕伟³, 李楷³, 刘琬晴¹^,², 雷鸣⁴, 李光聪¹^,², 刘婷婷¹^,²

1 中国石油大学(北京)安全与海洋工程学院，北京 102249
2 油气生产安全与应急技术应急管理部重点实验室，北京 102249
3 中石油长庆油田公司油气工艺研究院，西安 710018
4 长庆油田第六采气厂，西安 710018

收稿日期:2025-03-28 修回日期:2525-05-09 出版日期:2025-06-15 发布日期:2025-07-30
通讯作者: *闫伟(1982年—)，博士，教授，主要从事井筒腐蚀与力学完整性方面的研究，yanwei@cup.edu.cn。
作者简介:杨振(1998年—)，博士研究生，主要研究方向为井筒完整性，1968507675@qq.com。
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金面上项目“页岩储层多级压裂诱导应力累积对套管变形的影响机制研究”(52274015);中国石油天然气股份有限公司重大科技专项“二氧化碳规模化捕集、驱油与埋存全产业链关键技术研究及示范”(2021ZZ01-03)

Calculation method of coupled multi-field additional stress in CO₂ injection string

YANG Zhen¹^,²(), YAN Wei¹^,²^,^*(), LV Wei³, LI Kai³, LIU Wanqing¹^,², LEI Ming⁴, LI Guangcong¹^,², LIU Tingting¹^,²

1 College of Safety and Ocean Engineering, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China
2 Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Safety and Emergency Technology, Ministry of Emergency Management, Beijing 102249, China
3 PetroChina Changqing Oilfield Co Institute of Oil and Gas Technology, Xi’an 710018, China
4 No.6 Gas Production Plant of Changqing Oilfield, Xi’an 710018, China

Received:2025-03-28 Revised:2525-05-09 Online:2025-06-15 Published:2025-07-30

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

在CO₂捕集、利用与封存(CCUS)工程中，环空带压现象常被归因于封隔器密封失效，但试压验证表明其密封性完好。本文提出该现象源于CO₂注入过程中温压相态耦合诱发的附加应力累积，导致封隔器等效轴向载荷超过解封极限。基于流体力学中的质量守恒定律、能量守恒定律和动量定理，结合EXP-RK相态方程，构建了温压—相态—应力多场耦合模型，系统量化了注入温度、注入压力、注入量及注入时间对井筒应力场的协同影响。通过长庆油田某注入井实测数据验证，模型预测井底压力误差为2.83%、温度误差为1.75%，显著优于传统单场模型。研究表明：(1)注入温度与注入量是相态演化主控因素，液态—超临界态转化界面随注入温度降低和注入量的增加显著下降；(2)注入温度、注入压力与注入量通过温度效应、鼓胀效应和摩阻效应主导封隔器应力累积。临界阈值分析表明：在其余两个参数保持恒定的条件下，当目标区块注入温度≤6.5 ℃、注入压力≥18.06 MPa或注入量≥2.61 t/h时，等效载荷超过解封极限(60 kN)，触发解封行为。

关键词: CCUS, CO₂注入, 环空带压, 相态分析, 温压剖面, 管柱应力, 封隔器解封

Abstract:

In carbon dioxide enhanced oil recovery and storage (CCUS) projects, sustained annular pressure is commonly attributed to packer sealing failure; however, pressure testing confirms the integrity of packer seals. This study proposes that this phenomenon arises from additional stress accumulation induced by temperature-pressure-phase coupling during CO₂ injection, leading to equivalent loads exceeding the packer’s sealing limit. By integrating the conservation laws of mass, energy, and momentum in fluid mechanics with the EXP-RK equation for phase behavior analysis, a coupled temperature-pressure-phase-stress multi-field model was developed to systematically quantify the synergistic effects of injection temperature, pressure, volume, and duration on wellbore stress fields. Validation using field data from a CO₂ injection well in the Changqing Oilfield demonstrated model accuracy, with a bottomhole pressure prediction error of 2.83% and temperature error of 1.75%, significantly outperforming conventional single-field models. Key findings include: (1) The injection temperature and injection volume are the main controlling factors for phase state evolution. The liquid-supercritical phase transition interface decreases significantly with the reduction of injection temperature and the increase of injection volume. (2) The injection temperature, pressure, and volume govern stress accumulation in the packer through thermal expansion, ballooning effects, and fluid friction. Critical threshold analysis revealed that equivalent loads exceed the unsealing limit (60 kN) when the target block meets any one of the following critical conditions: injection temperature≤6.5 ℃, pressure≥18.06 MPa, or volume≥2.61 t/h, causing packer unsealing.

Key words: CCUS, CO₂injection, sustained annular pressure, phase analysis, temperature-pressure profile, string stress, packer unsealing

中图分类号:

TE983

杨振, 闫伟, 吕伟, 李楷, 刘琬晴, 雷鸣, 李光聪, 刘婷婷. CO₂注入管柱多场耦合附加应力计算方法研究[J]. 石油科学通报, 2025, 10(3): 527-539.

YANG Zhen, YAN Wei, LV Wei, LI Kai, LIU Wanqing, LEI Ming, LI Guangcong, LIU Tingting. Calculation method of coupled multi-field additional stress in CO₂ injection string[J]. Petroleum Science Bulletin, 2025, 10(3): 527-539.

https://sykxtb.cup.edu.cn/CN/Y2025/V10/I3/527

图/表 14

图1 井筒微元示意图

Fig. 1 Schematic diagram of wellbore micro elements

图2 CO₂ 注入过程中微元井段径向传热示意图

Fig. 2 Schematic diagram of radial heat transfer in the micro-element well section during CO² injection

表1 CO₂比热容方程常数

Table 1 CO₂ specific heat capacity equation constants

成分	A	B×10^-3	C×10^-6	D×10^-9	M_i
CO₂	4.728	17.54	23.38	4.097	1302.5

图3 CO₂注入井结构简图

Fig. 3 schematic diagram of the CO₂ injection well structure

表2 长庆油田试验区块某注入井地层参数表

Table 2 Formation parameter table of an injection well in the experimental block of Changqing Oilfield

参数	符号	数值
井深/m	H	2280
井口温度/℃	T_e	12.91
地温梯度/(℃/m)	e₀	0.0357
地层导热系数/(W/(m·℃))	K_e	2.06
地层热扩散系数/(m²/h)	α	0.0037
油管外径/mm	d_tubo	73
油管内径/mm	d_tubi	62
套管外径/mm	d_caso	139.7
套管内径/ mm	dc_asi	124.3
水泥环直径/mm	d_cem	234.5
水泥环导热系数/(W/(m·℃))	k_cem	0.35
油管导热系数/(W/(m·℃))	k_tub	44
环空内辐射传热系数/(W/(m²·℃))	h_r	5.17
环空内对流传热系数/(W/(m²·℃))	h_c	6.25
套管导热系数/(W/(m·℃))	k_cas	44
油管弹性模量/Pa	E	2.1×10¹¹
油管名义重量/(kg/m)	ρ_g	9.53
注入温度/℃	T	-20
注入压力/MPa	p	11
注入量/(t/h)	Q	3

图4 温压剖面图

Fig. 4 Temperature-pressure profile

表3 长庆地区某口CO₂注入井参数表

Table 3 Parameter table of a CO₂ injection well in the Changqing Area

参数	符号	数值
井深/m	H	2660
井口温度/℃	T_e	12.91
注入温度/℃	T	6.5
注入压力/MPa	p	19.74
注入量/(t/h)	Q	3

图5 不同注入温度下CO₂流动参数与管柱应力参数分布

Fig. 5 Distribution of CO₂ flow parameters and tubing stress parameters under different injection temperatures

图6 不同注入压力下CO₂流动参数与管柱应力参数分布

Fig. 6 Distribution of CO₂ flow parameters and tubing stress parameters under different injection pressures

图7 不同注入量下CO₂流动参数与管柱应力参数分布

Fig. 7 Distribution of CO₂ flow parameters and tubing stress parameters under different injection volumes

图8 不同注入温度下封隔器受力参数

Fig. 8 The distribution of packer force parameters under different injection temperatures

图9 不同注入压力下封隔器受力参数

Fig. 9 The distribution of packer force parameters under different injection pressures

图10 不同注入量下封隔器受力参数分布

Fig. 10 The distribution of packer force parameters under different injection volumes

图11 不同注入时间下封隔器受力参数分布

Fig. 11 The distribution of packer force parameters under different injection time

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CO₂注入管柱多场耦合附加应力计算方法研究

Calculation method of coupled multi-field additional stress in CO₂ injection string