陡陆坡背景下的海底扇内部储层质量差异——以东非鲁伍马盆地X气田为例

doi:10.3969/j.issn.2096-1693.2025.01.020

石油科学通报 ›› 2025, Vol. 10 ›› Issue (4): 633-646. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2096-1693.2025.01.020

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陡陆坡背景下的海底扇内部储层质量差异——以东非鲁伍马盆地X气田为例

熊绮聪¹^,²(), 吴胜和¹^,²^,^*(), 徐振华¹^,², 陈梅³, 王敏⁴, 余季陶¹^,², 王瑞峰⁴

1 中国石油大学(北京)油气资源与工程全国重点实验室，北京 102249
2 中国石油大学(北京)地球科学学院，北京 102249
3 长江大学地球科学学院，武汉 430100
4 中国石油勘探开发研究院，北京 100083

收稿日期:2025-04-10 修回日期:2025-07-03 出版日期:2025-08-15 发布日期:2025-08-05
通讯作者: *吴胜和(1963年—)，博士，教授，主要从事沉积学、储层表征与建模研究，reser@cup.edu.cn。
作者简介:熊绮聪(1998年—)，博士研究生，博士研究生，从事沉积学、储层表征与建模研究工作，xiongqicong@outlook.com。
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(42002112);中国石油勘探开发研究院和中国石油大学(北京)合作项目(RIPED-2021-JS-552)

Reservoir quality differences within the submarine fan under a steep continental slope setting: A case study of the X gas field, Rovuma Basin, East Africa

XIONG Qicong¹^,²(), WU Shenghe¹^,²^,^*(), XU Zhenhua¹^,², CHEN Mei³, WANG Min⁴, YU Jitao¹^,², WANG Ruifeng⁴

1 State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Engineering, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China
2 College of Geosciences, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China
3 School of Geosciences, Yangtze University, Wuhan 430100, China
4 PetroChina Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration & Development, Beijing 100083, China

Received:2025-04-10 Revised:2025-07-03 Online:2025-08-15 Published:2025-08-05

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

海底扇作为深水区重要的油气储集场所，其储层质量差异对于油气差异聚集及开采具有重要的影响。前人对海底扇储层质量差异进行过较多的研究，但对于陡陆坡背景下的海底扇内部储层质量差异特征及分布样式尚不清楚。本文以东非鲁伍马盆地X气田渐新统海底扇储层为研究对象，综合应用岩心、测井及地震资料，对陡陆坡背景下的海底扇沉积微相与岩相对储层质量差异的控制作用及分布样式进行了深入的研究。结果表明，在弱成岩作用下，海底扇内储层质量的变化主要受岩石沉积组构、岩相(组合)和沉积微相的控制。颗粒分选和泥质含量分别控制储层的孔隙度和渗透率，颗粒大小与储层物性之间的关系很复杂。富砂型岩相中，细砂岩相因其分选性好而具有最高的孔隙度，而块状含砾粗砂岩相因其低泥质含量而具有最高渗透率。在陡陆坡背景下，顺源方向海底扇构型单元依次为泥质水道-砂质水道-朵叶主体-朵叶边缘，导致了储层质量“差-好-差”的顺源差异。近源端泥质水道为细粒及富泥型岩相，其物性整体较差；中部砂质水道与朵叶主体变为块状含砾粗砂岩相和中-粗砂岩相，泥质含量低，物性变好，其中，砂质水道储层质量优于朵叶主体，其内部高孔渗带呈长透镜状，朵叶体相对高孔渗区呈朵状；远端朵叶边缘变为细粒的岩相(中-细砂岩相、细砂岩相)，泥质含量变高，物性逐渐变差。

关键词: 陡陆坡, 海底扇, 鲁伍马盆地, 储层质量差异, 岩相

Abstract:

The submarine fan is an important reservoir for oil and gas in deep water areas. The differences in reservoir quality have a significant impact on the differential accumulation and exploitation of oil and gas. Previous studies have conducted extensive research on the differences in reservoir quality of submarine fans. However, the characteristics and distribution patterns of reservoir quality differences within submarine fans under a steep continental slope background are still unclear. This paper takes the Oligocene submarine fan reservoir in the X gas field of the Rovuma Basin in East Africa as the research object. By integrating core, well logging and seismic data, an in-depth study has been carried out on the control of reservoir quality differences and distribution patterns of submarine fan sedimentary microfacies and lithofacies under the steep continental slope background. The results show that the changes in reservoir quality within the submarine fan are mainly controlled by rock texture, lithofacies (association) and sedimentary microfacies under the circumstance of weak diagenesis. Grain sorting and clay content mainly control the porosity and permeability of the reservoir, respectively, but the relationship between grain size and reservoir properties is very complex. In sand-rich lithofacies, fine sandstones have the highest porosity due to their good sorting, and massive gravel-bearing coarse sandstones have the highest permeability due to their low clay content. Under the steep continental slope background, the submarine fan sedimentary microfacies are arranged in the order of muddy channel-sandy channel-lobe main body-lobe edge along the source direction, resulting in the source-directional differences in reservoir quality in the order of “poor, good, and poor”. The proximal muddy channel consists of fine-grained and clay-rich lithofacies, with overall poor physical properties. In the middle position, the sandy channel and lobe main body change to massive gravel-bearing coarse sandstone lithofacies and medium-coarse sandstone lithofacies, with low clay content and improved to good physical properties. Among them, the reservoir quality of the sandy channel is better than that of the lobe main body. The internal high porosity and high permeability zones of the sandy channel are in the form of elongated lenses, while the relatively high porosity and high permeability areas of the lobe main body are in the shape of lobes. The distal lobe edge changes to fine-grained lithofacies (fine-medium sandstone, fine sandstone) with increased clay content and gradually deteriorated physical properties.

Key words: steep continental slope, submarine fan, Ruvuma Basin, reservoir quality differences, lithofacies

中图分类号:

熊绮聪, 吴胜和, 徐振华, 陈梅, 王敏, 余季陶, 王瑞峰. 陡陆坡背景下的海底扇内部储层质量差异——以东非鲁伍马盆地X气田为例[J]. 石油科学通报, 2025, 10(4): 633-646.

XIONG Qicong, WU Shenghe, XU Zhenhua, CHEN Mei, WANG Min, YU Jitao, WANG Ruifeng. Reservoir quality differences within the submarine fan under a steep continental slope setting: A case study of the X gas field, Rovuma Basin, East Africa[J]. Petroleum Science Bulletin, 2025, 10(4): 633-646.

https://sykxtb.cup.edu.cn/CN/Y2025/V10/I4/633

图/表 14

图1 鲁伍马盆地深水X气田地理构造位置(a)及陡陆坡形态(b)

Fig. 1 Geological structure location (a) and steep slope morphology (b) of deepwater X gas field in Ruvuma Basin

图2 研究区地震剖面及沉积微相分布图(据文献^[13]修改)

Fig. 2 Seismic profile and sedimentary microfacies distribution map of the study area (modified according to reference^[13])

图3 研究区岩相类型照片
(a)块状含砾粗砂岩，X-1井，4136.60 m; (b)块状-中粗砂岩，X-1井，4140.10 m; (c)块状中-细砂岩，X-1井，4116.60 m; (d)平行层理细砂岩，X-1井，4131.30 m; (e)平行层理中-粗砂岩，X-1井，4147.50 m; (f)平行层理中-细砂岩，X-1井，4131.85 m; (g)交错层理中-细砂岩，X-1井，4131.36 m; (h)交错层理细砂岩，X-1井，4131.98 m; (i)块状泥质不等粒砂岩，X-1井，4132.20 m; (j)透镜状泥质粉砂岩，X-1井，4117.40 m;(k)块状泥岩，X-1井，4115.40 m

Fig. 3 Lithofacies type photograph of the study area

图4 研究区岩相类型平面分布

Fig. 4 Lithofacies type distribution of the study area

图5 研究区海底扇储层孔隙度与渗透率交汇图

Fig. 5 Intersection diagram of porosity and permeability of submarine fan reservoir

图6 研究区海底扇储层孔喉类型

Fig. 6 Pore and throat types of submarine fan reservoir in study area

图7 研究区储层不同岩相孔渗分布特征

Fig. 7 Distribution of pore permeability and argillaceous content in different lithofacies of study area

图8 不同岩相孔渗关系图

Fig. 8 Porosity and permeability relationship of different lithofacies

图9 研究区海底扇储层孔隙度和渗透率平面分布

Fig. 9 Planar distribution of porosity and permeability within the submarine fan reservoir in the study area.

图10 研究区成岩作用对储层质量影响

Fig. 10 Graphs showing influence of diagenesis on reservoir quality

图11 不同岩相的微观特征及孔隙结构分布
(a)X-1井，4130.87 m，细砂岩铸体薄片；(b)X-1井，4126.56 m，中-细砂岩铸体薄片；(c)X-1井，4136.37 m，中-粗砂岩铸体薄片；(d)X-1井，4134.89 m，含砾粗砂岩铸体薄片；(e) 4类砂岩含水饱和度与毛管压力曲线；(f)细砂岩孔喉半径分布图；(g)中-细砂岩孔喉半径分布图；(h)中-粗砂岩孔喉半径分布图；(i)含砾粗砂岩孔喉半径分布图

Fig. 11 Microscopic characteristics and pore structure distribution of different lithofacies

图12 深水X气田海底扇朵叶体储层沉积组构与孔渗的关系

Fig. 12 Relationship between sedimentary fabric and physical properties or permeability of seafloor fan-lobes reservoir in deep water X gas field

表1 不同岩相沉积组构特征及原始孔渗分布

Table 1 Physical fabric characteristics and original porosity and permeability distribution of various lithofacies

岩相	分选系数		泥质含量		原始孔隙度/%		原始渗透率/D
岩相	范围	平均值	范围	平均值	范围	平均值	范围	平均值
含砾粗砂岩	2.36~2.65	2.50	0.7~5.0	2.27	27.5~28.2	27.8	23~32	27.4
中-粗砂岩	1.82~2.17	2.01	0.9~10.3	3.60	29.0~32.0	30.6	22~27	24.4
中-细砂岩	1.48~2.02	1.73	2.6~9.4	4.31	33.0~34.8	33.9	25~30	28.3
细砂岩	1.50~1.87	1.70	3.6~16.9	8.68	33.8~36.0	34.9	4~9	7.0

图13 东非鲁伍马盆地深水X气田海底扇储层质量差异模式

Fig. 13 Reservoir quality difference model of submarine fan in deep water X gas field, Rovuma Basin, East Africa

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陡陆坡背景下的海底扇内部储层质量差异——以东非鲁伍马盆地X气田为例

Reservoir quality differences within the submarine fan under a steep continental slope setting: A case study of the X gas field, Rovuma Basin, East Africa

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陡陆坡背景下的海底扇内部储层质量差异——以东非鲁伍马盆地X气田为例

Reservoir quality differences within the submarine fan under a steep continental slope setting: A case study of the X gas field, Rovuma Basin, East Africa

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