深层煤层水力压裂新范式：体积扩容压裂力学内涵与关键理论技术进展综述

doi:10.3969/j.issn.2096-1693.2024.03.026

石油科学通报 ›› 2026, Vol. 11 ›› Issue (5): 1729-1745. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2096-1693.2024.03.026

深层煤层水力压裂新范式：体积扩容压裂力学内涵与关键理论技术进展综述

金衍¹(), 宋文辉¹, 卢运虎¹^,^*(), 韦世明², 林伯韬³

¹ 中国石油大学(北京)石油工程学院，北京 102249
² 中国石油大学(北京)理学院，北京 102249
³ 中国石油大学(北京)人工智能学院，北京 102249

收稿日期:2026-04-16 修回日期:2026-07-23 出版日期:2026-10-15 发布日期:2026-10-31
通讯作者: ^*卢运虎(1983年—)，博士，教授，主要从事油气井岩石力学方面的研究，luyh@cup.edu.cn。
作者简介:金衍(1972年—)，博士，教授，主要从事油气井岩石力学方面的研究，jiny@cup.edu.cn。
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金重点项目(52334001)

A new paradigm for hydraulic fracturing in deep coal: Mechanical insights and key theoretical and technological advances of dilation-governed volume fracturing

JIN Yan¹(), SONG Wenhui¹, LU Yunhu¹^,^*(), WEI Shiming², LIN Botao³

¹ College of Petroleum Engineering, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China
² College of Science, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China
³ College of Artificial Intelligence, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China

Received:2026-04-16 Revised:2026-07-23 Online:2026-10-15 Published:2026-10-31
Contact: *luyh@cup.edu.cn。

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

随着我国深层煤层气资源的规模化开发，传统水力压裂技术虽取得初步突破，但仍面临“初期高产、后期快速递减”的行业共性问题。本文基于深层煤层气“吸附态主导、双重介质、低渗透率”的储层特征，系统剖析了照搬页岩气大规模体积压裂模式在深层煤层气开发中的局限性，提出了一种以“基质激活、渗流场重构、长效稳产”为核心目标的体积扩容压裂(Dilation-Governed Volume Fracturing, DGVF)新技术体系。该体系从深层煤层应力-应变-渗透率耦合机制出发，通过控制缝面净压力实现深层煤层基质损伤扩容，形成新的微裂隙网络而不引起结构失稳，构建“基质-微裂缝-割理节理-压裂缝-井筒”全路径高效渗流通道。本文详细阐述了DGVF的理论内涵、技术路径与工程实践，重点围绕极限流动能力设计、天然裂缝激活、排量压力协同调控、智能化生产压降调控四大关键技术展开综述，并结合鄂尔多斯盆地、沁水盆地等典型区块的试验数据，阐述了该技术在提升单井采收率、延长稳产周期方面的显著效果。最后，本文对DGVF的未来发展方向提出建议，为推动我国深层煤层气高效开发提供理论支持与技术储备。

关键词: 深层煤层气, 体积扩容压裂, 基质激活, 损伤扩容, 智能调控

Abstract:

With the large-scale development of deep coal gas resources in China, conventional hydraulic fracturing technologies have achieved initial breakthroughs; however, they still face a common industry challenge characterized by high initial production followed by rapid decline. Considering the unique reservoir characteristics of deep coal-measure gas, including adsorption dominance, dual-porosity media, and low permeability, this paper systematically analyzes the limitations of directly applying large-scale volumetric fracturing techniques, originally developed for shale gas, to deep coal gas reservoirs. A novel fracturing paradigm, Dilation-Governed Volume Fracturing (DGVF) is proposed, with the core objectives of matrix activation, flow field reconstruction, and long-term stable production. Rooted in the coupled stress-strain-permeability behavior of coal, this paradigm achieves matrix damage dilation by controlling fracture net pressure. It forms a new microfracture network without inducing structural failure and establishes an efficient and continuous flow path, encompassing the matrix, microfractures, cleats, hydraulic fractures, and wellbore. This paper details the theoretical framework, technical approach, and engineering practices of DGVF. The focus is on four key technologies: design of maximum flow capacity, natural fracture activation, coordinated regulation of injection rate and pressure, and intelligent control of production pressure drawdown. Based on experimental data from representative blocks in the Ordos Basin and Qinshui Basin, the paper demonstrates the significant effects of DGVF in enhancing single-well recovery and extending the stable production period. Finally, the paper discusses potential future developments for DGVF, providing theoretical insights and technical reserves for the efficient development of deep coal gas in China.

Key words: deep coal gas, dilation-governed volume fracturing (DGVF), matrix activation, damage dilation, intelligent control

中图分类号:

TE377

金衍, 宋文辉, 卢运虎, 韦世明, 林伯韬. 深层煤层水力压裂新范式：体积扩容压裂力学内涵与关键理论技术进展综述[J]. 石油科学通报, 2026, 11(5): 1729-1745.

JIN Yan, SONG Wenhui, LU Yunhu, WEI Shiming, LIN Botao. A new paradigm for hydraulic fracturing in deep coal: Mechanical insights and key theoretical and technological advances of dilation-governed volume fracturing[J]. Petroleum Science Bulletin, 2026, 11(5): 1729-1745.

https://sykxtb.cup.edu.cn/CN/Y2026/V11/I5/1729

图/表 12

图1 煤层岩样应力、渗透率-应变曲线实验结果^[8]

Fig. 1 Experimental results of coal stress and permeability-strain curves^[8]

图2 深层煤层气生产过程渗透率变化

Fig. 2 Deep coal gas permeability change during production process

图3 深层煤层气DGVF示意图

Fig. 3 Illustration of DGVF in deep coal gas reservoir

图4 煤层注水过程体积扩容原理示意图

Fig. 4 Illustration of volumetric expansion mechanism during water injection in deep coal gas reservoir

图5 煤层顶板水平井分段压裂卸压排采工程全生命周期开发思路^[35]

Fig. 5 A full-life-cycle development strategy for pressure relief and production of coal seam roof horizontal wells with staged hydraulic fracturing^[35]

图6 深层煤层与浅层煤层裂缝扩展机制示意图^[54]

Fig. 6 Illustration of fracture propagation mechanism in deep coal and shallow coal^[54]

图7 深部煤层水平井裂缝网络形成机理^[71]

Fig. 7 Mechanisms of fracture network formation in deep coal for horizontal wells^[71]

图8 阶梯式提排量下煤层不同裂缝系统开启形态示意图^[77]

Fig. 8 Illustration of opening modes of different fracture systems in coal seams during step displacement^[77]

图9 煤层气井全生命周期排采控制策略图^[89]

Fig. 9 Schematic of full-life-cycle production control strategy for coalbed methane wells^[89]

图10 深层煤层水平井“三段式”排采曲线特征^[90]

Fig. 10 Characteristics of three-stage production curves for horizontal wells in deep coal^[90]

图11 压裂缝网数字孪生架构各层间的数据流时序图^[93]

Fig. 11 Sequence diagram of data flow between layers of digital twin of fracture network^[93]

图12 水力扩容施工参数动态优化与智能调控方法流程^[94]

Fig. 12 Workflow for dynamic optimization and intelligent control of hydraulic volumetric expansion operating parameters^[94]

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深层煤层水力压裂新范式：体积扩容压裂力学内涵与关键理论技术进展综述

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