全国一张网背景下输油管道智能调控技术进展与展望

doi:10.3969/j.issn.2096-1693.2026.02.045

石油科学通报 ›› 2026, Vol. 11 ›› Issue (4): 1133-1145. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2096-1693.2026.02.045

全国一张网背景下输油管道智能调控技术进展与展望

张红兵¹(), 邱睿²^,^*(), 刘天慧³, 孙楠³, 谢卓甫³, 韩存谱³, 王涛⁴, 刘超³

¹ 国家石油天然气管网集团有限公司工程部，北京 100013
² 中国石油大学(北京)石油工程学院，北京 102249
³ 国家石油天然气管网集团有限公司油气调控中心，北京 100013
⁴ 国家石油天然气管网集团有限公司西部管道有限责任公司，乌鲁木齐 830013

收稿日期:2026-03-13 修回日期:2026-06-24 出版日期:2026-08-15 发布日期:2026-08-31
通讯作者: ^*邱睿(1996年—)，博士，讲师，现主要从事长输管道及油气物流智能决策相关技术研究，rqiu@cup.edu.cn。
作者简介:张红兵(1977年—)，博士，高工，主要从事智能管道工程项目设计和技术研究工作，zhanghb03@pipechina.com.cn。
基金资助:
国家石油天然气管网集团有限公司集团级科研项目“原油管道智能调控研究和大模型技术在调控管理中的应用(一期)”(SZZN202501)

Progress and prospects of intelligent regulation technology for oil pipelines under the background of unified national pipeline network

ZHANG Hongbing¹(), QIU Rui²^,^*(), LIU Tianhui³, SUN Nan³, XIE Zhuofu³, HAN Cunpu³, WANG Tao⁴, LIU Chao³

¹ Engineering Department, PipeChina, Beijing 100013, China
² College of Petroleum Engineering, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China
³ PipeChina Oil & Gas Control Center, Beijing 100013, China
⁴ PipeChina West Pipeline Co., Ltd, Urumqi 830011, China

Received:2026-03-13 Revised:2026-06-24 Online:2026-08-15 Published:2026-08-31

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

当前，中国输油管道正加速向“全国一张网”“X+1+X”模式转型。在人工智能技术的深度赋能下，输油管道调控领域迎来转型机遇，调控技术正迈向数字化、智能化新阶段，成为保障能源安全高效输送的核心支撑。为厘清输油管道调控技术发展脉络，本文系统梳理了输油管道调控关键技术的研发历程与应用成效。核心技术涵盖易凝高黏原油输送、原油管道优化运行、沿线摩阻预测等原油输送相关技术，以及批次计划编制、界面跟踪、混油切割与控制等成品油输送核心技术，同时包括输油管道泄漏监测与工况识别等保障类技术。相关技术有效破解了高黏原油输送难题，提升了成品油输送效率，强化了管道运行安全保障。在此基础上，本文构建了原油管道智能调控的业务大循环和业务架构，主要依托感知、认知、决策、执行四个关键环节，实现数据实时感知、方案智能编制、工况精准识别与自动决策处置的全链条闭环业务流程。最后，展望了管道数字化、智能化发展愿景，并提出3大重点研究方向。一是以现有SCADA系统为依托，推进数字化升级，结合智慧管道与智能站场建设，构建全要素数字孪生体，实现管道运行全方位智能感知；二是整合现有技术成果，搭建数据机理融合模型与专业数据库，开发生产运行大模型，实现运行参数实时预测预警；三是提升工况识别与泄漏监测智能化水平，保障工况平滑过渡与泄漏快速响应。本文旨在为输油管道智能调控关键技术的发展提供合理化建议和指导，为输油管道高阶智能化调控技术的发展奠定基础。

关键词: 输油管道, 智能调控, 智能化, 数字化, 业务流程, 业务架构

Abstract:

Currently, China oil transmission pipelines are accelerating their transformation into a nationwide integrated network following the “X+1+X” framework. Empowered in depth by artificial intelligence technologies, pipeline operation regulation is presented with transformative opportunities, and relevant regulation technologies are evolving toward digitalization and intellectualization, serving as a core guarantee for safe and efficient energy transportation. To clarify the development context of pipeline regulation technologies, this paper systematically reviews the research progress and practical application performance of key regulation technologies for oil transmission pipelines. The covered core technologies include crude oil transportation technologies such as the transportation of easily condensable and highly viscous crude oil, optimal operation of crude oil pipelines, and frictional resistance prediction along pipelines, as well as core technologies for refined oil transportation consisting of batch scheduling formulation, oil interface tracking, mixed oil cutting and control. Auxiliary supporting technologies such as pipeline leakage detection and operating condition identification are also summarized. These technologies have effectively addressed the bottlenecks in highly viscous crude oil transportation, improved the delivery efficiency of refined oil products, and strengthened the safety guarantee of pipeline operation. On this basis, a full-cycle business loop and business architecture for intelligent regulation of crude oil pipelines are constructed, which rely on four vital links: perception, cognition, decision-making and execution. A closed-loop full-process workflow is realized, including real-time data perception, intelligent scheme generation, accurate operating condition identification and automatic decision-making & disposal. Finally, the prospect of digital and intelligent pipeline development is outlined, and three priority research directions are proposed. First, digital upgrading shall be promoted based on existing SCADA systems. Combined with the construction of intelligent pipelines and smart stations, a full-factor digital twin system will be established to realize comprehensive intelligent perception of pipeline operation status. Second, existing technical achievements will be integrated to build data-mechanism hybrid models and professional databases, and develop large-scale industrial operation models to support real-time prediction and early warning of operating parameters. Third, the intellectualization level of operating condition identification and leakage monitoring will be elevated to ensure stable transition of working conditions and rapid emergency response to leakages. This paper intends to provide reasonable suggestions and technical guidance for the advancement of key intelligent regulation technologies, and lay a solid foundation for the development of high-level intelligent regulation systems for oil transmission pipelines.

Key words: oil pipeline, intelligent regulation, intelligentization, digitalization, business process, business architecture

张红兵, 邱睿, 刘天慧, 孙楠, 谢卓甫, 韩存谱, 王涛, 刘超. 全国一张网背景下输油管道智能调控技术进展与展望[J]. 石油科学通报, 2026, 11(4): 1133-1145.

ZHANG Hongbing, QIU Rui, LIU Tianhui, SUN Nan, XIE Zhuofu, HAN Cunpu, WANG Tao, LIU Chao. Progress and prospects of intelligent regulation technology for oil pipelines under the background of unified national pipeline network[J]. Petroleum Science Bulletin, 2026, 11(4): 1133-1145.

https://sykxtb.cup.edu.cn/CN/Y2026/V11/I4/1133

图/表 7

图1 原油管道闭环安全生产体系

Fig. 1 Closed-loop safety production system for crude oil pipelines

图2 成品油管道顺序输送模式^[29]

Fig. 2 Sequential transportation mode of refined oil pipeline^[29]

图3 融合SCADA系统的成品油批次跟踪系统思维导图^[31]

Fig. 3 Mind map of refined oil batch tracking system based on fusion control system^[31]

表1 混油界面检测方法优缺点对比

Table 1 Comparison of advantages and disadvantages of mixed oil interface monitoring methods

混油界面检测方法		优点	缺点
密度计^[35]		具备温度控制精确、粘度自动校准的优点	存在精度和智能化水平低的缺点
光学界面检测仪^[36]		适用于较为相似油品间的界面检测	设备造价高，维护成本高
超声波流量计^[37]		灵敏度高，检测过程稳定，识别精度高	安装难度大，运维成本高，测量过程易受干扰
其他检测方法	放射性检测法^[38]	造价低，检测精度高	检测过程中存在放射性物质对人体存在危害
	荧光剂检测法^[39]	通过浓度变化对混油界面进行连续追踪	对油品存在污染，且运行成本较高
	电容法^[40]	操作方法简单，成本较低	测量过程易受环境温度影响，检测精度较低，工程应用受限

图4 “天空地”一体化输油管道全生命周期监测感知系统^[50]

Fig. 4 Inte grated “Space-Air-Ground” perception system for full-life-cycle monitoring of oil pipelines^[50]

图5 原油管道调控业务流程大循环

Fig. 5 The large cycle of business process regulation and control of crude oil pipelines

图6 输油管道智能调控全链条业务流程图

Fig. 6 Business process diagram of the whole chain of intelligent regulation and control of oil pipelines

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