双疏成膜有机盐水基钻井液体系在深部煤层气井的应用研究——以川南嘉探XX井为例

doi:10.3969/j.issn.2096-1693.2026.02.014

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

我国深部煤层气资源储量丰富，但煤层储层节理裂隙高度发育、基质非均质性强且孔隙结构复杂多变，导致钻井过程中易诱发高摩阻、井壁失稳及储层损害等多重工程问题，严重制约深部煤层气资源的安全高效开发。针对上述问题，本文以体系构建与工程适应性为导向，基于双疏润滑与界面成膜协同调控机理，优选关键处理剂并构建了一种双疏成膜有机盐水基钻井液体系，实现对界面行为与流体结构的协同调控，并强化体系在复杂工况下的功能稳定性。通过系统室内实验，对体系的流变性能、润滑性能及抑制能力进行了综合评价，并结合扫描电镜及界面分析等微观表征手段，深入分析其在减摩降阻、井壁稳定及储层保护过程中的协同作用机理及多尺度作用路径。结果表明，与常规钻井液体系相比，该体系表现出优异的综合性能，其抑制性能提高73.33%，润滑性能提升79.62%，储层保护性能增强69.06%。现场应用结果表明，该体系在嘉探XX井成功实现1125 m长水平段的安全高效钻进，钻进过程平稳，井壁完整；裸眼段浸泡60 d后仍保持良好稳定性，未出现明显坍塌或扩径现象。同时，该体系在现场表现出良好的施工适配性与操作稳定性，显著降低了复杂情况发生概率。研究结果表明，该体系在复杂煤层气储层条件下具有良好的工程适应性与长期服役能力，其通过界面调控与结构优化实现多功能协同增强，为深部煤层气井钻井液体系优化提供了新的技术路径，并在节约钻井成本与提升开发效率方面具有潜在应用价值。

关键词: 深部煤层气, 双疏润滑, 井壁稳定性, 水基钻井液

Abstract:

China possesses abundant deep coalbed methane (CBM) resources; however, such reservoirs are characterized by highly developed cleat-fracture systems, pronounced matrix heterogeneity, and highly complex pore architectures. These intrinsic geological characteristics tend to induce multiple engineering challenges during drilling operations, including excessive frictional resistance, wellbore instability, and severe reservoir damage. Collectively, these issues significantly hinder the safe, efficient, and large-scale development of deep CBM resources and pose substantial technical challenges for drilling fluid system design.To address these challenges, this study focuses on system construction and engineering adaptability, and develops a dual-hydrophobic film-forming organic brine-based drilling fluid through systematic optimization of key functional additives. The system is designed based on the synergistic regulation mechanisms of dual-hydrophobic lubrication and interfacial film formation, enabling coordinated control over interfacial interactions and fluid microstructure. A comprehensive series of laboratory experiments were conducted to evaluate the rheological properties, lubrication performance, inhibition capacity, as well as film-forming and plugging characteristics of the system. Furthermore, microscopic characterization techniques, including scanning electron microscopy and interfacial analysis, were employed to elucidate the underlying mechanisms. Particular emphasis was placed on revealing the synergistic effects and multi-scale interaction pathways governing friction reduction, wellbore stabilization, and reservoir protection, thereby establishing a mechanistic linkage between interfacial chemistry and macroscopic engineering performance.The results demonstrate that, compared with conventional drilling fluid systems, the developed system exhibits outstanding overall performance, with inhibition performance improved by 73.33%, lubrication efficiency enhanced by 79.62%, and reservoir protection capacity increased by 69.06%. Notably, the system maintains excellent rheological stability and structural integrity under conditions of high mineralization, high hardness, and complex ionic environments, indicating strong resistance to salt and calcium contamination as well as sustained functional reliability.Field application results from Well Jiatan XX demonstrate that the system successfully enabled safe and efficient drilling of a 1125 m horizontal section, with smooth drilling operations and intact wellbore conditions throughout the process. The open-hole section remained stable after 60 days of soaking, with no evident collapse or enlargement observed. Additionally, the system exhibited excellent operational compatibility and process stability in field applications, significantly reducing the risk of drilling complications and enhancing overall construction efficiency.Overall, the proposed system demonstrates strong engineering adaptability and long-term service capability under complex CBM reservoir conditions. By integrating interfacial regulation with structural optimization, the system achieves multi-functional synergistic enhancement. This work provides a novel technical pathway for optimizing drilling fluid systems in deep CBM wells and offers significant potential for reducing drilling costs and improving resource development efficiency in challenging geological settings.

Key words: deep coalbed methane, double-hydrophobic lubrication, wellbore stability, water-based drilling fluid

中图分类号:

TE254
TP181

杨晓龙, 刘豪, 刘献博. 双疏成膜有机盐水基钻井液体系在深部煤层气井的应用研究——以川南嘉探XX井为例[J]. 石油科学通报, 2026, 11(2): 592-604.

YANG Xiaolong, LIU Hao, LIU Xianbo. Application study of double hydrophobic film-forming organic salt water-based drilling fluid systems in deep coalbed methane wells: A case study of the Jiatan XX well in Southern Sichuan[J]. Petroleum Science Bulletin, 2026, 11(2): 592-604.

https://sykxtb.cup.edu.cn/CN/Y2026/V11/I2/592

图/表 17

图1 双疏润滑剂的作用机理

Fig. 1 Mechanism of action of double hydrophobic lubricants

表1 双疏润滑性能对比

Table 1 Comparison of double hydrophobic lubrication performance

样品	极压润滑系数		润滑系数降低率
样品	老化前	120 ℃老化16 h	老化前/%	120 ℃老化16 h/%
4%基浆	0.54	/	/	/
4%基浆+其他同类型处理剂	0.31	0.16	42.59	70.37
4%基浆+2% SSRH	0.21	0.14	61.11	74.07
4%基浆+2% SSRH+2% CMLH	0.17	0.11	68.51	79.62

图2 双疏润滑剂对岩心表面结构的影响

Fig. 2 Effect of double hydrophobic lubricants on core surface structure

图3 深部煤层成膜稳定剂CMLH成膜效果

Fig. 3 Film-forming effect of deep coal seam film stabilizer CMLH

图4 双疏成膜有机盐水基钻井液体系滚动回收实验评价

Fig. 4 Evaluation of rolling recovery experiments of double hydrophobic film-forming organic brine-based drilling fluid systems

图5 双疏成膜有机盐水基钻井液体系抑制性能评价

Fig. 5 Evaluation of the inhibition performance of double hydrophobic film-forming organic brine-based drilling fluid systems

表2 盐(NaCl)含量对BHJ、CR-650水溶液流变性能的影响

Table 2 Effect of NaCl content on rheological properties of BHJ and CR-650 aqueous solutions

样品	表观黏度/mPa·s	塑性黏度/mPa·s	动切力/Pa	动塑比/Pa·(mPa·s)^-1	$\phi$6/$\phi$3	初切(终切)/Pa
1%BHJ	65	30	35.77	1.19	44/39	21.0(24.0)
1%BHJ+10%NaCl	33	22	11.24	0.51	8/6	4.5(5.5)
1%BHJ +30%NaCl	22	18	4.09	0.23	3/2	1.5(2.0)
1%CR-650	57	25	33.22	1.33	40/36	18.5(24.5)
1%CR-650+10%NaCl	28	19	9.71	0.51	6/5	2.5(3.0)
1% CR-650+30%NaCl	19	18	1.02	0.06	2/1	0.5(1.0)

表3 不同浓度、不同配比的SSRH、CMLH、BHJ水溶液的API滤失量

Table 3 The API filtration loss of SSRH, CMLH and BHJ aqueous solutions with different concentrations and ratios

样品	FL_API/mL
0.2%SSRH	102.0
0.2%SSRH +0.5%CMLH	32.2
0.2%SSRH +1%CMLH	27.5
0.2%SSRH +0.5%CMLH+0.5%BHJ	8.5
0.2%SSRH +0.5%CMLH+0.8%BHJ	6.6
0.2%SSRH +1%CMLH+0.8%BHJ	4.4

表4 各配方渗透率损害率测定数据表

Table 4 Measurement data table of permeability damage rate of each formula

钻井液体系	岩心损害前的渗透率/mD	岩心损害后的渗透率恢复值/mD	渗透率恢复率 /%	渗透率损害率/%
体系1(空白)	22.702	15.334	67.54	32.46
体系2(双疏成膜有机盐钻井液)	4.729	4.385	92.73	7.27
体系3(2%无渗透性油层保护剂)	34.478	26.377	76.50	23.50
体系4(2%超低渗透剂)	16.451	11.282	68.58	31.42

图6 岩心污染前后扫描电镜图

Fig. 6 SEM images of the core before and after contamination

图7 深部煤层双疏润滑剂SSRH接触角测试结果

Fig. 7 Results of SSRH contact angle test of double hydropho-bic lubricant in deep coal seams

表5 钻井液体系的性能

Table 5 Performance of drilling fluid system

	常规性能					流变参数
	密度/(g/cm³)	FL_API/mL	润滑系数	$\phi$6/$\phi$3	初切(终切)/Pa	表观黏度/mPa·s	塑性黏度/mPa·s	动切力/Pa
#1	1.1	11	0.33	3/2	2(3)	31	23	8.6
#2	1.05	5	0.19	10/9	4(7.5)	87.5	70	18.8

图8 嘉探XX井井身结构示意图

Fig. 8 Well structure diagram of Jiatan XX well

表6 现场用钻井液体系性能参数

Table 6 Performance parameters of the on-site drilling fluid system

井深/m	AV/ mPa·s	PV/ mPa·s	YP/Pa	初切(终切)/(Pa)	API/mL
2753	78	75	3	1.5/2.0	≤3
2800	75	70	5	1.5/2.5	≤3
3031	85	76	9	2.5/4.5	≤3
3203	82	69	13	2.5/5.5	≤1.8
3410	93	74	17	3.0/7.0	≤1.8
3620	89	73	16	3.0/6.0	≤1.8
3795	95	76	19	3.5/7.0	≤1.8
4003	90	74	16	3.0/7.0	≤1.8
4240	90	74	16	3.5/6.5	≤1.8
4320	87	70	17	4.0/7.5	≤1.8
4459	91	69	22	4.0/9.0	≤1.8
4630	95	72	23	4.0/11.0	≤1.8

图9 实钻工程参数

Fig. 9 Parameters of actual drilling engineering

图10 现场应用井径扩大率曲线

Fig. 10 Application the well diameter expansion rate curve on site

图11 大安区块已钻井井漏情况统计表

Fig. 11 Statistical table of drilled well leakage in Da’an block

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