低矿化度水驱是一种通过调控注入水的离子成分或浓度提高原油采收率的新技术,目前低矿化度水驱的适用油藏条件和提高采收率作用机理仍未达成共识.本文以中东地区海相碳酸盐岩油藏柱塞岩样为研究对象,开展了系列低矿化度水润湿调控驱油室内实验,基于胶体稳定性(DLVO)理论建立了一个典型原油/盐水/岩石系统的界面反应模型,联立增广Young-Laplace公式计算了润湿角和总分离压力,通过文献实验数据验证模型可靠性,阐明了离子浓度和离子类型对分离压力曲线和润湿角的影响.结果表明,在低矿化度环境中,碳酸盐岩孔隙表面在流体冲刷作用下亲水性更强,驱油效率更高,低矿化度水驱提高了3.2%的原油采收率;在恒定电荷的假设下,基于扩展DLVO理论建立的原油/盐水/岩石系统数学模型可以准确预测润湿角的变化;相比于离子浓度,离子类型对分离压力和润湿角的影响更大,在二价离子中,Mg2+离子对碳酸盐岩的浸润调控作用强于Ca2+离子;当水膜厚度较小时,范德华引力是影响分离压力的主要作用力,随着水膜厚度增大,双电层力逐渐变为主要作用力.本研究有助于更深入地理解低矿化度水驱提高采收率的润湿调控机制.

Low salinity water flooding is a new technology for enhancing oil recovery by adjusting the ion composition or con-centration of injected water.However,the applicable reservoir conditions and enhanced oil recovery mechanism of low salinity water flooding have not yet reached a consensus.In this paper,a series of laboratory experiments of wettability control-based low salinity flooding are carried out with plunger rock samples from marine carbonate reservoirs in the Middle East as the research object.Based on the theory of Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek theory(DLVO),an interfacial reaction model of a typical crude oil/brine/rock system is established,and the contact angle and total separation pressure are calculated simultaneously with the augmented Young-Laplace formula.The reliability of the model is verified by the literature experimental data,and the effects of ion concentration and ion type on the separation pressure curve and contact angle are clarified.The results show that in low salinity environments,the pore surface of carbonate rock is more water-wet under the action of fluid flushing,the oil displacement efficiency is higher,and the low salinity water improves the crude oil recovery by 3.2%;under the assumption of constant charge,the mathematical model established based on the DLVO theory for the crude oil/brine/rock system can accurately predict the change of contact angle;compared with the ion concentration,ion type has a greater impact on separation pressure and contact angle.Among divalent ions,Mg2+ions exhibit a more pronounced influence on wettability control compared to Ca2+ions.When the water film thickness is minimal,van der Waals force is the main force affecting the separation pressure.As the thickness of water film increases,the electric double layer force gradually becomes the main force.This study contributes to a deeper understanding of the wettability control mechanism of low salinity water flooding for enhanced oil recovery.