摘要： 含蜡原油常温下流动性差,流动保障问题严重,影响原油管道的经济和安全运行,采用磁处理技术改善含蜡原油流动性是解决这个问题的有效手段之一,符合当前绿色低碳的发展要求.调研含蜡原油磁处理降黏理论与技术研究进展,总结国内外研究者研究磁场作用下含蜡原油黏度变化规律的方法,论述相关磁处理实验装置的特点,分析含蜡原油磁处理降黏效果和时效性,探究原油组成和磁处理条件对含蜡原油磁处理降黏效果和时效性的影响效应,阐述含蜡原油磁处理降黏机理研究进展,评价现有降黏效果定量预测模型.针对含蜡原油磁处理降黏技术存在的问题,对该技术未来的研究方向进行展望.

关键词: 含蜡原油, 磁处理, 降黏, 流变性, 影响因素, 作用机理

Abstract: The flowability of waxy crude oil is poor at normal temperatures,resulting in serious flow assurance issues.This affects the economical and safe operation of crude oil pipelines.Magnetic treatment technology is an effective method to improve the flowability of waxy crude oil,which is in line with the current green and low-carbon development requirements.The research progress of waxy crude oil viscosity reduction technology by magnetic treatment was investigated here.The methods used by domestic and foreign researchers to explore the viscosity variation law of waxy crude oil after using magnetic treatment were summarized.The characteristics of relevant experimental devices were explained.The viscosity reduction effect and time-dependence of the magnetic treatment of waxy crude oil were analyzed.The impacts of influencing factors,such as crude oil composition and magnetic treatment conditions,on the viscosity reduction effect and time-dependence of waxy crude oil after magnetic treatment were investigated.The current research progress of the viscosity reduction mechanism of waxy crude oil by magnetic treatment was described.The existing quantitative prediction models of viscosity reduction effect were compared and evaluated.In view of the problems existing in the existing problems of waxy crude oil viscosity reduction technology by magnetic treatment,the research direction of the technology has been prospected.

Key words: crude oil, magnetic treatment, viscosity reduction, rheology, influencing factor, action mechanism