摘要： 航空煤油作为飞行器燃料,近年来需求量快速增长,成品油管道增输航煤可以提高管道企业的利润.但GB6537-2018 对航煤的质量要求严格,尤其是对清洁性要求很高,因此航煤经管道输送后固体颗粒物等清洁性质量指标如何变化,是否受到管内杂质的影响,是管道企业尤为关心的问题.为了研究航煤的固体颗粒污染物指标随管道输送的变化规律,厘清污染物来源,并分析停输对航煤质量变化的影响,本文提出采用在线浸泡实验法:通过将航煤按计划停输在炼厂和泵站之间,分析停输时在管道不同位置的航煤中颗粒物的沉积变化规律,确定了导致油库收油固体颗粒物含量升高的污染管段及污染物来源.对比在管道内浸泡时和进入末站油罐后,航煤固体颗粒物含量的升降情况,推断不同类型杂质的运移规律.实验发现:(1)地形差异是固体颗粒物污染规律不同的重要原因.对于连续上倾管道,固体颗粒在油流中逐渐聚集成团,砂土铁锈等较重的固体颗粒在底部沉积,轻质的悬浮固体颗粒被油流携带到下游管道,累积量逐渐升高;而对于落差较大的下坡段管道,在坡底位置由于势能作用,重质固体颗粒在坡底沉积,即使被油流携带到下游,也可以停输时静置沉降到底部.因此,对于连续上倾管道,应注意上游重颗粒聚集和下游轻质颗粒聚集现象,定期更换下游泵站过滤器滤芯.对于下坡管道,应注意油流携带重颗粒造成的下游固体颗粒物含量上升和重颗粒的沉降现象.由于含有较多重颗粒物,在质量控制时应注意进行适当进行静置沉降.(2)虽然航煤经管道沿途泵前及末站油罐前多次过滤,但如果管道内杂质过多,航煤到达末站时仍然有固体颗粒物含量超标的风险,所以在管道输送时仍需注重航煤质量的控制.本研究为确定清管频率,保障管输航煤质量提供支撑.

关键词: 航空煤油, 浸泡, 固体颗粒物, 质量控制, 流动污染, 起伏地形

Abstract: Aviation kerosene,as a fuel for aircraft,has seen rapid growth in demand in recent years.The increased transportation of aviation kerosene in oil product pipelines can increase the profits of pipeline companies.However,GB6537-2018 has strict requirements on the quality of aviation kerosene,especially for its cleanliness.Therefore,how the cleanness quality indicators,such as solid particles will change after aviation kerosene is transported through the pipeline,and whether it is affected by impu-rities in the pipeline is of particular concern to pipeline companies.In order to find out the source of solid particulate pollutants,and analyze the impact of a shutdown on the quality of aviation kerosene,this paper proposes to use the online immersion experiment method to study the changes of pollutant indicators in aviation kerosene pipelines:based on the scheduled shutdown of aviation kerosene between the refinery and the pumping station,the deposition and variation of particulate matter in aviation kerosene at different positions of the pipeline during shutdown are analyzed,and the possible pollution pipeline sections and pollutant sources leading to high solid particulate matter content in the oil depot are determined.By comparing the rise and fall of solid particulate matter content of aviation kerosene when in the pipeline and after entering the terminal oil tank,the migration behavior of different types of impurities are deduced.The experiment found that:(1)Topographic difference is an important reason for the differences of solid particulate pollution.For continuous up-dipping pipelines,solid particles gradually aggregate into clusters in the oil flow,heavier solid particles such as sand and rust are deposited at the bottom,and light suspended solid particles are carried to the downstream pipeline by the oil flow,and the accumulation increases.For downslope pipelines with a large drop,due to the action of potential energy at the bottom of the slope,the heavy and light solid particles are deposited at the bottom of the slope.Even if they are carried downstream by the kerosene flow,they can settle to the bottom when the pipeline is stopped.Therefore,for the continuous upward slope pipeline,attention should be paid to the aggregation of downstream light particles,and the filter element of the downstream pump station should be replaced regularly.For downslope pipelines,attention should be paid to the increase in the downstream solid particle content and the sedimentation of heavy particles caused by the heavy particles carried by the fuel flow.Due to the presence of more heavy particulate matter,attention should be paid to proper static sedimentation during quality control.(2)Although aviation kerosene is filtered several times before the pumping along the pipeline and in front of the oil tank at the terminal station,if there are too many impurities in the pipeline,there is still a risk of excessive solid particles content when the aviation kerosene arrives at the terminal station.Therefore,it is still necessary to pay attention to the quality control of aviation kerosene during pipeline transportation.This research provides support for determining the pigging frequency and ensuring the quality of pipeline transportation of aviation kerosene.

Key words: aviation kerosene, immersing, solid particles, quality control, flowing pollution, undulating terrain