摘要：

在国家“双碳”目标与能源清洁化转型背景下，油气生产作为高能耗、高碳排放的典型行业，其生产过程面临严峻的减排压力。如何在不影响能源安全供应的前提下，实质性推动油气生产的低碳转型，已成为行业亟需破解的核心难题。当前，油气生产高度依赖传统化石能源自用，而向清洁能源转型时，新能源出力的间歇性与生产工艺连续、稳定的用能需求之间存在固有矛盾，加之油田场景复杂、技术匹配度低，导致清洁替代面临“消纳难”与“匹配难”的双重困境。本文针对油气生产高能耗、高碳排放的现状，系统开展了稀油、稠油及天然气3类典型生产场景的用能分析与清洁替代潜力评估。面对新能源出力波动与生产工艺稳态运行间协调难题，以及多场景下用能特性与清洁供能技术的适配壁垒，通过构建“油气场景－用能结构－替代技术”映射框架，剖析了各场景差异化的能耗结构，提出清洁替代的核心在于通过“绿色电力多元供给与智能消纳”、“高品位与中低温热能清洁替代”及“多能互补与系统集成”3大技术路径。因地制宜推进场景化清洁替代，是推动油气生产向综合能源基地转型、实现行业绿色低碳发展的关键引擎。

关键词: 清洁替代, 油气生产用能, 绿电, 绿热

Abstract:

Against the backdrop of China’s “dual carbon” goals and the clean energy transition, oil and gas production — as a sector characterized by high energy consumption and high carbon emissions — faces mounting pressure to reduce its carbon footprint. How to substantively advance the low-carbon transformation of oil and gas production without compromising energy security has emerged as a critical challenge for the industry. Currently, oil and gas operations remain heavily dependent on fossil fuels for self-consumption. The transition toward clean energy is inherently constrained by the intermittency of renewable energy output and the continuous, stable energy demands of production processes. Compounded by the complexity of oilfield scenarios and low technological compatibility, clean energy substitution confronts a dual dilemma of “difficult grid absorption” and “difficult technology matching”. To address these challenges, this paper systematically analyzes energy consumption patterns and evaluates clean substitution potential across three typical production scenarios: light oil, heavy oil, and natural gas. To reconcile the conflict between fluctuating renewable energy output and the steady-state operational requirements of production processes, and to overcome the compatibility barriers between scenario-specific energy characteristics and clean energy supply technologies, this study constructs a mapping framework of “oil and gas scenario - energy consumption structure - substitution technology”. Through this framework, the differentiated energy consumption structures across various scenarios are examined in depth, and three core technological pathways for clean energy substitution are proposed: “diversified supply and intelligent consumption of green electricity”, “clean substitution of high-grade and medium-to-low temperature thermal energy”, and “multi-energy complementarity and system integration”. Advancing scenario-specific clean energy substitution tailored to local conditions constitutes a key engine for transforming oil and gas production into integrated energy bases and achieving green, low-carbon development across the industry.

Key words: clean energy substitution, energy consumption in oil and gas production, green electricity, green heat

中图分类号: 

• F416.22

• X382