钻井液对深层碳酸盐岩力学性质弱化规律探究

doi:10.3969/j.issn.2096-1693.2025.03.013

石油科学通报 ›› 2025, Vol. 10 ›› Issue (3): 575-589. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2096-1693.2025.03.013

钻井液对深层碳酸盐岩力学性质弱化规律探究

陈超¹^,²(), 韩正波¹^,², 夏阳³^,⁴^,^*(), 赵振³^,⁴, 陈修平¹^,²

1 中国石化西北油田分公司石油工程技术研究院，乌鲁木齐 830011
2 中国石化缝洞型油藏提高采收率重点实验室，乌鲁木齐 830011
3 中国石油大学(北京)石油工程学院，北京 102249
4 中国石油大学(北京)油气资源与工程全国重点实验室，北京 102249

收稿日期:2025-01-06 修回日期:2025-05-04 出版日期:2025-06-15 发布日期:2025-07-30
通讯作者: *夏阳(1991年—)，博士，副教授，长期从事油藏模拟、石油工程岩石力学和井壁稳定性等方面研究，xiayang@vip.126.com。
作者简介:陈超(1984年—)，本科，高级工程师，目前主要从事钻井、固井、井控等现场监督工作，chenchao0018@163.com。
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金面上项目“深部破碎性地层井壁坍塌力学机理与控制方法”(52374021)

Study on the weakening law of mechanical properties of deep carbonate rocks by drilling fluid

CHEN Chao¹^,²(), HAN Zhengbo¹^,², XIA Yang³^,⁴^,^*(), ZHAO Zhen³^,⁴, CHEN Xiuping¹^,²

1 Research Institute of Petroleum Engineering Technology, Northwest Oilfield Company, SINOPEC, Urumqi 830011, China
2 Sinopec Key Laboratory of Enhanced Oil Recovery in Fracture-Cavity Reservoirs, Urumqi 830011, China
3 College of Petroleum Engineering, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China
4 State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Engineering, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China

Received:2025-01-06 Revised:2025-05-04 Online:2025-06-15 Published:2025-07-30

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 深层碳酸盐岩储层逐渐成为中国增储上产的主体，但由于深部碳酸盐岩发育有断裂带，储层破碎，取心困难，对其力学特性研究较少。本文对顺北区块奥陶系鹰山组碳酸盐岩进行力学特性分析。基于矿物组分分析研究其微观组构特征，通过纳米压痕实验对岩样的硬度、弹性模量进行了分析，基于划痕试验，探究了现用钻井液的循环作用下，岩样中不同组分(基质、胶结面、填充物、裂缝)的强度弱化规律。结果表明，在高温高压环境下，受钻井液作用，深层碳酸盐岩呈现显著强度弱化特征：随浸泡时间增加，岩样基质、填充物及胶结面强度持续下降，岩样沿天然裂缝发生断裂。该研究系统阐明了钻井液作用下碳酸盐岩强度弱化规律，对钻井坍塌压力的计算和钻井液密度的优化提供了理论指导。

关键词: 碳酸盐岩, 填充物, 力学性质, 实验研究, 钻井液作用

Abstract:

Deep carbonate reservoirs are gradually becoming the main body for increasing reserves and production in China. However, due to the presence of fault zones in deep carbonate rocks, the reservoirs are fragmented and coring is difficult, resulting in limited research on their mechanical properties. This paper conducts a mechanical property analysis of the Ordovician Yingshan Formation carbonate rocks in the Shunbei block. Based on mineral composition analysis, the microstructure characteristics are studied. The hardness and elastic modulus of the rock samples are analyzed through nanoindentation experiments. Based on scratch tests, the strength weakening laws of different components (matrix, cementation surface, fillings, and fractures) in the rock samples under the circulation of the currently used drilling fluid are explored. The results show that under high-temperature and high-pressure conditions, the deep carbonate rocks exhibit significant strength weakening characteristics due to the action of the drilling fluid: as the soaking time increases, the strength of the rock sample matrix, fillings, and cementation surfaces continuously decreases, and the rock samples fracture along natural fractures. This study systematically clarifies the strength weakening laws of carbonate rocks under the action of drilling fluid, providing theoretical guidance for the calculation of drilling collapse pressure and the optimization of drilling fluid density.

Key words: carbonate rock, filling material, mechanical properties, experimental research, drilling fluid action

中图分类号:

TE31
P618.13

陈超, 韩正波, 夏阳, 赵振, 陈修平. 钻井液对深层碳酸盐岩力学性质弱化规律探究[J]. 石油科学通报, 2025, 10(3): 575-589.

CHEN Chao, HAN Zhengbo, XIA Yang, ZHAO Zhen, CHEN Xiuping. Study on the weakening law of mechanical properties of deep carbonate rocks by drilling fluid[J]. Petroleum Science Bulletin, 2025, 10(3): 575-589.

https://sykxtb.cup.edu.cn/CN/Y2025/V10/I3/575

图/表 26

图1 顺北地区位置构造及岩性划分

Fig. 1 Location, structure and lithology division in the Shunbei Area

图2 顺北W井岩心整体情况

Fig. 2 The overall situation of the core of well W in Shunbei

图3 W井岩心裂缝发育情况图

Fig. 3 Core fracture development of well W

图4 岩样基质及填充物矿物组分分析

Fig. 4 Analysis of mineral components of rock matrix and fill

表1 纳米压痕测试结果

Table 1 Nanoindentation test results

填充物序号	模量/GPa	硬度/GPa	基质序号	模量/GPa	硬度/GPa
#1	71.0	1.95	#9	69.2	1.97
#2	68.5	1.78	#10	72.1	1.86
#3	52.2	1.5	#11	72.9	2.04
#4	53.9	1.43	#12	71.7	1.89
#5	75.3	1.72	#13	64.8	1.61
#6	64.8	1.87	#14	74.0	1.8
#7	67.7	2.0	#15	70.7	1.96
#8	77.0	1.98	#16	63.7	1.61
均值	66.3	1.78	均值	69.9	1.84

图5 基质及填充物压深—载荷曲线

Fig. 5 Matrix and filling epth-load curve

图6 划痕示意图

Fig. 6 Schematic diagram of scratches

图7 TerraTek连续划痕测试系统及试样

Fig. 7 Terratek continuous scratch test system and specimens

表2 划痕测试设备技术参数

Table 2 Technical parameters of scratch test equipment

技术指标	参数数值
尖刀头宽度	10 mm
水平位移精度	0.1 mm
划痕深度精度	0.001 mm
数据点精度	10 pts/mm
刀头刮深	0.18 mm

图8 实验设备及流程图

Fig. 8 Experimental equipment and flow chart

表3 目的层钻井液材料

Table 3 Drilling fluid materials of the target layer

材料名称	代号	材料名称	代号
抗盐土(凹凸棒石)	/	固体润滑剂(石墨粉)	CNS
烧碱	NaOH	除硫剂	GHT-95
纯碱	Na₂CO₃	有机减摩剂	HWJM-1
刚性堵漏剂(1250目)	QS-2	无荧光生物质润滑剂	ZYRH-1
磺化褐煤	SMC	抗盐高温高压降滤失剂	HTASP
磺化酚醛树脂3型	SMP-3	重晶石粉(4.20 g/cm³)	BaSO₄
石灰石粉	CaCO₃	抗高温提粘提切剂	MSG

图9 刀头与胶结面接触示意图

Fig. 9 Schematic diagram of the contact between the cutter head and the cemented

图10 钻井液作用下试样强度变化规律

Fig. 10 Variation rule of sample strength under drilling fluid action

图11 钻井液作用下胶结面强度变化规律

Fig. 11 Variation of cemented surface strength under the action of drilling fluid

表4 胶结面强度随时间变化规律

Table 4 Bonding surface strength changes with time

浸泡时间/h	胶结面强度/MPa
浸泡时间/h	胶结面1	胶结面2	胶结面3	胶结面4	胶结面5	胶结面6
0	140.87	146.89	142.51	118.54	122.59	133.69
4	125.97	121.79	137.61	96.89	101.58	131.88
12	127.39	118.68	131.08	96.50	92.86	124.40
24	122.34	115.44	119.96	88.76	82.86	120.04
降幅/%	13.15	21.41	15.83	25.12	32.41	10.21

图12 钻井液作用下裂缝逐渐开启

Fig. 12 Cracks gradually open under the action of drilling fluid

图13 胶结面及裂缝强度随时间变化规律

Fig. 13 The change of bonding surface and fracture strength with time

图14 钻井液作用下岩样强度变化规律

Fig. 14 Variation of rock sample strength under the action of drilling fluid

图15 X井试样图片

Fig. 15 X well sample picture

表5 胶结面强度数据

Table 5 Bonding surface strength data

浸泡时间/h	划痕1强度/MPa		划痕2强度/MPa		划痕3强度/MPa
浸泡时间/h	胶结面1	胶结面2	胶结面1	胶结面2	胶结面1	胶结面2
0	87.56	88.06	98.6	103.3	86.39	100.06
4	76.64	80.62	95.03	98.65	83.25	93.65
12	73.91	76.05	92.1	97.63	80.63	91.57
24	72.82	74.02	90.23	96.86	79.5	89.53
48	87.56	88.06	98.6	103.3	86.39	100.06
降幅/%	16.83	15.94	8.49	6.23	7.98	10.52

图16 钻井液作用下划痕Ⅰ强度变化规律

Fig. 16 Change rule of scratch Ⅰ strength under drilling fluid action

图17 钻井液作用下划痕Ⅱ强度变化规律

Fig. 17 Change rule of scratch Ⅱ strength under drilling fluid action

图18 钻井液作用下划痕Ⅲ强度变化规律

Fig. 18 Change rule of scratch Ⅲ strength under drilling fluid action

图19 岩样在钻井液作用下强度变化规律

Fig. 19 Strength variation of rock samples under drilling fluid action

图20 钻井液作用下不同胶结面强度变化规律

Fig. 20 Variation of strength of different cementation surface under drilling fluid action

图21 钻井液作用下岩样强度变化规律

Fig. 21 Variation of rock sample strength under the action of drilling fluid

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钻井液对深层碳酸盐岩力学性质弱化规律探究

Study on the weakening law of mechanical properties of deep carbonate rocks by drilling fluid

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