A well- and horizon-constrained depth-domain matching method for PP and SS waves and its application

doi:10.3969/j.issn.2096-1693.2025.01.030

Abstract

Abstract:

Seismic shear (SS) waves have been employed in hydrocarbon exploration for decades, providing valuable information on lithology and anisotropy that effectively complements compressional (PP) wave observations. However, even under depth-domain imaging conditions, PP- and SS-wave data often cannot be precisely aligned due to differences in velocity model accuracy, imaging errors, and inconsistencies in horizon interpretation. Such mismatches can introduce significant uncertainty into joint inversion, reduce the reliability of geological interpretation. To address this issue, this paper proposes a depth-domain PP-wave and SS-wave data matching method by using well and horizon constraints. Firstly, the joint depth relationships are established through well-to-seismic calibration of PP-and SS-waves on Kirchhoff prestack depth migration sections. These relationships are then used, under horizon constraints, to construct an initial stretching scale model for SS-waves, providing a global matched field that ensures consistency of key stratigraphic horizons across PP- and SS-wave sections. Although this step corrects large-scale misalignment, residual errors remain due to limitations in the stretching scale model and cumulative inaccuracies. Finally, a dynamic time warping (DTW) algorithm is applied to local nonlinear optimization. Application to field seismic data from the Sanhu area demonstrates that the proposed method effectively corrects stratigraphic misalignment, improves waveform similarity between PP- and SS-wave sections, and provides a more reliable basis for reservoir characterization and fluid interpretation.

Key words: seismic shear wave, depth domain, well- and horizon-constrained, DTW, matching

摘要：

地震横波(SS波)在油气勘探中已应用数十年，可为岩性识别和各向异性分析提供关键信息，是纵波(PP 波) 的重要补充。然而，即便在深度域成像条件下，由于PP波与SS波存在速度模型差异和成像误差，并且层位响应不完全，导致两者不能完全精细匹配，从而影响纵横波联合反演与综合解释的准确性。针对这一问题，本文提出了一种基于井和层位约束的深度域纵横波精细匹配方法。首先，基于Kirchhoff叠前深度偏移后的PP波和SS波井震标定结果建立联合深度关系；再根据联合深度关系在层位约束下构建SS波的初始伸缩尺度模型，实现纵横波数据的全局层位匹配；最后，采用动态时间规整(DTW)方法进行局部非线性优化。工区实际数据应用结果表明，该方法能够有效校正深度错位，提高深度域PP波与SS波的波形相似性，为储层表征和流体识别提供了更加可靠的依据。

关键词: 地震横波, 深度域, 井和层位, DTW, 匹配

CLC Number:

SUN Hongri, ZHANG Feng. A well- and horizon-constrained depth-domain matching method for PP and SS waves and its application[J]. Petroleum Science Bulletin, 2025, 10(6): 1188-1198.

孙红日, 张峰. 基于井和层位约束的PP与SS波深度域匹配方法及其应用[J]. 石油科学通报, 2025, 10(6): 1188-1198.

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URL: https://sykxtb.cup.edu.cn/EN/10.3969/j.issn.2096-1693.2025.01.030

https://sykxtb.cup.edu.cn/EN/Y2025/V10/I6/1188

Figures/Tables 14

Fig. 1 Seismic survey map of the Sanhu Area in the Qaidam Basin (the red box indicates the seismic survey area)

Fig. 2 Stratigraphic column of the Sanhu Area in the Qaidam Basin (modified from Yin et al., 2021^[37])

Fig. 3 Full-offset stacked sections

Fig. 4 Kirchhoff prestack depth-migrated full-offset stacked sections

Fig. 5 Flowchart of depth-domain PP-SS wave stratigraphic matching constrained by well and horizon information

Fig. 6 PP-wave well-to-seismic calibration(blue denotes synthetic seismic trace; black and red denote seismic records at the well location; two red curves on the right side denote well logs)

Fig. 7 SS-wave well-to-seismic calibration

Fig. 8 Stretching scale model of the SS wave

Fig. 9 Depth-migrated full-offset stacked sections

Fig. 10 SS-wave well-to-seismic calibration result after matching using the depth relationship from well calibration

Fig. 11 Schematic diagram of the DTW algorithm (modified from Wei et al., 2023^[38])

Fig. 12 Schematic diagram of DTW warping path matching

Fig. 13 Depth-migrated full-offset stacked sections

Fig. 14 SS-wave well-to-seismic calibration result after DTW optimization

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