Identification of strike-slip fault zones and their petroleum geological significance in the tight sandstone reservoirs of the Xujiahe Formation, Wubaochang Area, northeastern Sichuan Basin

doi:10.3969/j.issn.2096-1693.2025.01.029

Abstract

Abstract:

The enrichment patterns of natural gas in the tight sandstone reservoirs of the Xujiahe Formation in the northeastern Sichuan Basin are complex, and the fault system exerts a crucial control on hydrocarbon accumulation. To clarify the structural characteristics of the faults and their impact on natural gas enrichment in this area. Based on three-dimensional seismic data and drilling data, integrated with artificial intelligence fault identification technology and structural analysis, this study identifies a NE-SW trending en echelon strike-slip fault zone in the Xujiahe Formation of the Wubaochang Area, northeastern Sichuan Basin. The structural deformation characteristics, evolutionary history, and reservoir-controlling and accumulation-controlling effects of this fault zone are investigated. The results indicate that the fault zone exhibits vertically layered deformation characteristics: it manifests as thrust faults in the strata from the Upper Ordovician to the Lower Triassic Jialingjiang Formation, while in the Upper Triassic Xujiahe Formation, it appears as a strike-slip fault zone composed of a series of small NNW-SSE trending thrust faults arranged in a right-stepping en echelon pattern. The fault zone underwent two stages of tectonic evolution. During the Indosinian-Yanshanian period, under continuous SE-NW oriented tectonic compression, it exhibited thrust fault activity. In the Himalayan period, the regional tectonic stress field shifted, and under a NE-SW oriented horizontal compressional stress field, the pre-existing major faults underwent sinistral strike-slip movement, forming a series of right-stepping en echelon strike-slip faults in the Xujiahe Formation. The faults in the Xujiahe Formation are interconnected with the deep-seated major faults, linking the Xujiahe Formation reservoir, the Longtan Formation source rocks, and deep fluids. This connection establishes a “strong below and weak above” transport system and a “dual-source hydrocarbon supply” model. Simultaneously, it exerts a dual effect on the tight sandstone reservoirs of the Xujiahe Formation, namely “dissolution and porosity enhancement” and “cementation and destruction,” providing favorable dynamic conditions for the differential evolution of tight reservoirs and the development of sweet spot reservoirs. Consequently, the fault zone serves as a favorable site for natural gas enrichment and preservation in the tight sandstone reservoirs of the Xujiahe Formation. The research demonstrate that strike-slip fault zones are advantageous enrichment belts for natural gas in Triassic tight sandstone reservoirs in the northeastern Sichuan Basin, and greater emphasis should be placed on the evaluation and exploration of such target areas.

Key words: Xujiahe Formation, tight sandstone, strike-slip fault zone, artificial intelligence, geological significance

摘要：

川东北地区须家河组致密砂岩储层天然气富集规律复杂，断裂体系对油气成藏具有重要控制作用。为明确该区断裂构造特征及其对天然气富集的影响，本研究基于三维地震数据和钻井资料，采用人工智能断层识别技术和构造解析方法，在川东北五宝场地区须家河组识别出NE-SW向雁列式走滑断裂带，对其构造变形特征、形成演化及控储控藏效应进行了研究。结果表明，该断裂带具有纵向分层的变形特征，在上奥陶统至下三叠统嘉陵江组表现为逆冲断层，在上三叠统须家河组表现为系列NNW-SSE向小型逆断层呈右阶雁列式排列的走滑断裂带。该断裂带经历了2期构造演化阶段，印支期－燕山期在SE-NW向持续构造挤压应力作用下，表现为逆冲断层活动；喜马拉雅期区域构造应力场发生转变，在NE-SW向水平挤压应力场作用下，早期形成的主干断层发生了左旋走滑活动，在须家河组形成了一系列呈NNW-SSE向右阶雁列式排布的走滑断裂带。须家河组雁列式断层与深部主干断层相互连通，沟通了须家河组储集层、龙潭组烃源岩与深部流体，形成“下强上弱”输导体系及“双源供烃”模式，同时对须家河组致密砂岩储层产生“溶蚀增孔 ”与“胶结破坏”双重改造作用，为须家河组致密储层差异演化和甜点储层的发育提供了良好的动力条件，是须家河组致密砂岩储层天然气富集和保存的有利场所。研究显示，走滑断裂带是川东北地区三叠系致密砂岩储层天然气的有利富集带，应重视该类目标区的天然气评价与勘探。

关键词: 须家河组, 致密砂岩, 走滑断裂带, 人工智能, 地质意义

CLC Number:

WANG Zhen, ZENG Lingping, ZHANG Haiyan, ZENG Lianbo, SONG Dongsheng, WEN Jianjun, LI Hao. Identification of strike-slip fault zones and their petroleum geological significance in the tight sandstone reservoirs of the Xujiahe Formation, Wubaochang Area, northeastern Sichuan Basin[J]. Petroleum Science Bulletin, 2026, 11(1): 28-40.

王珍, 曾令平, 章海燕, 曾联波, 宋东昇, 文建军, 李浩. 川东北五宝场地区须家河组致密砂岩储层走滑断裂带识别及其油气地质意义[J]. 石油科学通报, 2026, 11(1): 28-40.

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URL: https://sykxtb.cup.edu.cn/EN/10.3969/j.issn.2096-1693.2025.01.029

https://sykxtb.cup.edu.cn/EN/Y2026/V11/I1/28

Figures/Tables 10

Fig. 1 Tetonic location of study area and stratigraphic column (Fig. a is modified after reference [18]; Fig. b is modified after reference [26])

Fig. 2 The CNN-based intelligent tomographic recognition model of the U-Net structure

Fig. 3 Comparison of the maximum likelihood attributes in the study area with the artificial intelligence-based tomographic recognition results

Fig. 4 The deformation characteristics of fault planes in different strata

Fig. 5 Deformation characteristics of the fault profile (section position is shown in Fig. 4c)

Fig. 6 Three-dimensional evolution schematic diagram of the strike-slip fault zone in the Xujiahe Formation

Fig. 7 Box graphs showing the measured porosity and permeability of core samples from wells X1 and X2 in the Wubaochang Area

Fig. 8 Reservoir characteristics of the X1 well in the Wubaochang Area of the Xujiahe Formation

Fig. 9 Fault conductivity model diagram

Fig. 10 Simulation of the hydrocarbon generation history of Well X1 in the Wubaochang Area

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