Supercritical CO2 pipeline technologies: Development status and challenges amid the green transition

doi:10.3969/j.issn.2096-1693.2026.02.047

Abstract

Abstract:

Carbon capture, utilization and storage (CCUS) is a key pathway to deep decarbonization in China’s industrial sector amid the global energy transition and China’s carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals. Supercritical carbon dioxide (sCO₂) pipelines are important infrastructure for large-scale CCUS deployment because of their high transport density and potential economic advantages. However, sCO₂ pipeline technology in China remains at an early stage of development. Phase instability, corrosion and leakage risks pose challenges to long-term safe operation and wider CCUS deployment. This review examines the development of sCO₂ pipelines and advances in phase behavior control, controlled depressurization, leakage prevention, fracture propagation control and corrosion protection. Large-scale, long-distance sCO₂ pipelines in China remain at the demonstration stage. The Jilin Petrochemical-Jilin Oilfield CO₂ pipeline, which is under construction and is designed for supercritical/dense-phase transport, is expected to provide an engineering setting for evaluating phase control, key equipment and safety measures in long-distance, high-pressure CO₂ transport. Nevertheless, transient multiphase flow, fracture propagation and corrosion under conditions involving complex terrain and multicomponent CO₂ streams require further investigation. Future work should combine full-scale demonstrations with technological development to strengthen safety measures under interacting risk factors. Digital technologies should also be integrated throughout pipeline design, construction, operation and maintenance, alongside the development of standards for sCO₂ transport. These efforts would support the development of integrated, digitally managed sCO₂ pipeline networks and the wider deployment of CCUS.

Key words: sCO₂pipelines, CCUS, pipeline safety and flow assurance, digital and intelligent pipelines, long-distance pipelines

摘要：

在全球能源绿色转型与“双碳”战略目标的驱动下，碳捕集、利用与封存(CCUS)技术被视为我国工业领域实现深度脱碳的关键路径之一。作为CCUS产业规模化落地的关键基础设施，超临界二氧化碳(Supercritical CO₂，sCO₂)管道具有输送密度高、运行工况稳定、经济优势显著等特点。然而，我国sCO₂管道技术整体起步较晚，在实际运行过程中面临相态突变、管道腐蚀、泄漏安全管控难度大等突出难题，制约了管道长期安全稳定运行与CCUS产业规模化推广。本文系统梳理了sCO₂管道发展、相态调控、泄放与泄漏防控、止裂控制及腐蚀防护等关键技术研究现状。展望未来，sCO₂管道建设有望依托产业聚集区逐步形成规模化组网，并深度融合数字化技术与标准化体系，从而提升整体运行效能。目前，我国大规模、长距离sCO₂管道仍处于示范起步阶段，正在建设的吉林石化—吉林油田CO₂管道工程拟采用超临界/密相输送方案，将为长距离高压管输的相态控制、关键装备和安全保障技术提供工程验证场景，但复杂地貌和多组分气源条件下的瞬态多相流动、裂纹扩展及腐蚀防控等问题仍需进一步研究。未来，应依托全尺寸工程示范与技术迭代，完善多因素耦合作用下的安全保障技术体系，推动数字技术与管道设计、建设、运维全流程深度融合，加快构建sCO₂管道输送的标准规范体系，为数字化、集约化sCO₂管道规模化建设与CCUS高质量发展提供坚实支撑。

关键词: sCO₂管道, CCUS, 安全与流动保障, 数智化管道, 长输管道

CLC Number:

TE832
X701

RAO Fang, LI Changjun, JIA Wenlong, CHEN Chao, ZHANG Caigong. Supercritical CO₂ pipeline technologies: Development status and challenges amid the green transition[J]. Petroleum Science Bulletin, 2026, 11(5): 1513-1528.

饶芳, 李长俊, 贾文龙, 陈超, 张财功. 绿色转型背景下的超临界CO₂管道关键技术发展现状与挑战[J]. 石油科学通报, 2026, 11(5): 1513-1528.

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URL: https://sykxtb.cup.edu.cn/EN/10.3969/j.issn.2096-1693.2026.02.047

https://sykxtb.cup.edu.cn/EN/Y2026/V11/I5/1513

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管道名称	国家	投资年份	输量/ (Mt·a^-1)	长度/ km	管径/ mm	管道压力/MPa	输送相态
Canyon Reef Carriers	美国	1972	5.2	225	406	14	超临界
Sheep Mountain	美国	1983	9.5	656	610/508	8.3~19.5	超临界
Cortez	美国	1984	19.3	808	762	9.6~18.6	超临界
Bravo	美国	1984	7.3	350	508	16.5	超临界
Central Basin(CBPL)	美国	1986	11.5	286	406~660	14.9	密相
Weyburn	美国与加拿大	2000	5	328	305~365	20.4	超临界
Snohvit	挪威	2008	0.7	153	203.2	15.0	超临界
Greencore Pipeline	美国	2010	13.8	505	610	15.3	密相
Alberta Carbon Trunk Line(ACTL)	加拿大	2020	14.6	240	406	17.9	密相
Northern Lights Pipeline	挪威	2025	1.5	100	304.8	10-15	密相/液相

管道名称	国家	投资年份	输量/ (Mt·a^-1)	长度/ km	管径/ mm	管道压力/MPa	输送相态
Canyon Reef Carriers	美国	1972	5.2	225	406	14	超临界
Sheep Mountain	美国	1983	9.5	656	610/508	8.3~19.5	超临界
Cortez	美国	1984	19.3	808	762	9.6~18.6	超临界
Bravo	美国	1984	7.3	350	508	16.5	超临界
Central Basin(CBPL)	美国	1986	11.5	286	406~660	14.9	密相
Weyburn	美国与加拿大	2000	5	328	305~365	20.4	超临界
Snohvit	挪威	2008	0.7	153	203.2	15.0	超临界
Greencore Pipeline	美国	2010	13.8	505	610	15.3	密相
Alberta Carbon Trunk Line(ACTL)	加拿大	2020	14.6	240	406	17.9	密相
Northern Lights Pipeline	挪威	2025	1.5	100	304.8	10-15	密相/液相

管道名称	CO₂来源	投资年份	输量/ Mt·a^-1	长度/km	管径/mm	管道压力/MPa	输送相态
齐鲁石化—胜利油田	齐鲁石化	2023	1.7	109	273.1	12	密相
宁夏宁东—长庆油田CO₂管道工程	煤制油工业废气	2025 (在建)	3	130	323.9	15.0	超临界/密相
华能甘肃正宁电厂	燃煤电厂烟气	2025	1.5	短距离	273.1	12.0~15.0	超临界
恩平15-1海上项目	海上伴生气分离	2023	0.3	短距离	114.3	高压回注	密相/液相
吉林石化—吉林油田CO₂管道工程	吉林石化碳捕集	2025 (在建)	3.3	282	457.0 /406.4	14.5	超临界/密相
中洛线停输原油管道改输CO₂	洛阳石化碳捕集	2026	0.1	27	426.0	6.3	液相

管道名称	CO₂来源	投资年份	输量/ Mt·a^-1	长度/km	管径/mm	管道压力/MPa	输送相态
齐鲁石化—胜利油田	齐鲁石化	2023	1.7	109	273.1	12	密相
宁夏宁东—长庆油田CO₂管道工程	煤制油工业废气	2025 (在建)	3	130	323.9	15.0	超临界/密相
华能甘肃正宁电厂	燃煤电厂烟气	2025	1.5	短距离	273.1	12.0~15.0	超临界
恩平15-1海上项目	海上伴生气分离	2023	0.3	短距离	114.3	高压回注	密相/液相
吉林石化—吉林油田CO₂管道工程	吉林石化碳捕集	2025 (在建)	3.3	282	457.0 /406.4	14.5	超临界/密相
中洛线停输原油管道改输CO₂	洛阳石化碳捕集	2026	0.1	27	426.0	6.3	液相

状态方程	适用性
Span-Wagner	纯CO₂宽温压物性计算精度优异，但管输多组分CO₂体系适配性不足，且方程复杂，不利于工程快速计算应用。
GERG-2008	适用于含杂质多组分CO₂混合体系物性计算，对多组分体系的相平衡及热力参数计算精度较高，但方程参数体系复杂，计算耗时较长。
BWRS	压力温度变化时计算波动大，虽适用于临界点物性计算，但方程复杂、焓熵计算偏差显著，不推荐用于管输多组分CO₂特性研究。
PRSV	在多组分混合液相计算中具有优势，但随压力升高，计算偏差逐渐增大，不适用于纯组分sCO₂的物性参数计算。
SRK	对sCO₂物性的计算结果整体偏小，精度难以满足工程设计要求。
PR	在CO₂的气液平衡及密度、黏度等核心物性计算中表现较优，适配性与计算精度更符合管输场景需求。

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Supercritical CO₂ pipeline technologies: Development status and challenges amid the green transition

绿色转型背景下的超临界CO₂管道关键技术发展现状与挑战

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组分	温度/ K	压力/ MPa
100%CO₂	304.20	7.38
95%CO₂+5%N₂	300.65	8.07
95%CO₂+5%H₂	301.85	8.51
95%CO₂+5%H₂S	305.31	7.41
95%CO₂+5%CO	300.54	8.05
99%CO₂+1%N₂	303.52	7.51
99%CO₂+1%H₂	303.75	7.59
99%CO₂+1%H₂S	304.40	7.38
99%CO₂+1%CO	303.41	7.50

试验名称/试验团队	试验时间/a	试验钢材	试验温度/℃	试验压力/MPa	管材直径/mm	CO₂组分/%
Battelle^[49]	1985	X70	42.25	14.40	510	100
Battelle^[49]	2006	X52	34.85	9.00	510	100
West Jefferson Test^[50]	2011	X65	8.20	15.09	914	100
	2011	X65	16.80	14.82	914	100
	2011	X65	15.20	14.90	914	87.50
CO₂ PIPETRANS^[51-53]	2012	X65	30.00	8.85	406~410	100
CO₂ PIPETRANS^[51-53]	2012	X65	8.60	9.15	406~410	100
COOLTRANS^[54-55]	2012	X65	13.10	14.83	914	90.94
	2012	X65	10.50	15.06	914	93.74
	2015	X65	15.00	15.02	610	90.30
SARCO₂^[56]	2015	X65	13.00	12.95	610	96.20
SARCO₂^[56]	2016	X65	17.80	12.70	610	94.00
CO₂ SAFE-ARREST^[57]	2017	X65	11.60	15.04	610	91.00
CO₂ SAFE-ARREST^[57]	2018	X65	12.80	14.87	610	89.80
国家管网集团^[58]	2023	X65	12.60	11.85	323.9	95.00
中国石油天然气集团^[59]	2023	X65	24.00	13.6	323.9	95.00
大连理工大学^[60]	2023	305不锈钢/ API5L X52	20~45	7~11	102.3~106.3	100

[1]	YANG Zhen, YAN Wei, LV Wei, LI Kai, LIU Wanqing, LEI Ming, LI Guangcong, LIU Tingting. Calculation method of coupled multi-field additional stress in CO₂ injection string [J]. Petroleum Science Bulletin, 2025, 10(3): 527-539.
[2]	LI Yang;WANG Rui;ZHAO Qingmin;FANG Xin. Status and prospects for CO2 capture,utilization and storage technology in China [J]. , 2023, 8(4): 391-397.

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